Abd El-Ghany AES, Dora G, Abdallah RH, Hassan WHB, Abd El-Salam E (2015) Phytochemical and biological study of Albizia lebbeck stem bark. J Chem Pharmaceut Res 7(5):29–43
Google Scholar
Ahmad S, Sukari MA, Ismail N, Ismail IS, Abdul AB, Bakar MFA, Kifli N, Ee GCL (2015) Phytochemicals from Mangifera pajang Kosterm and their biological activities. BMC Complement Altern Med 15(1):83
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Akanga JO (2008) Screening of antidiarrhoea medicinal plants for in vitro antimicrobial activity against clinical and environmental enteropathogens. MSc Thesis, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
Andrade EMJ, Teixeira JS, Silva DKC, dos Santos TB, Korn MGA, Brandão HN, Ferraz CG, Meira CS, Soares MBP, Guimarães ET, Neta, LCS, Júnior AFS (2020) Phytochemical analysis, multi-element composition and biological activities of extracts and lupenone from Albizia inundata (Mart.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes. J Braz Chem Soc 31(9):1825–1837
Anywar G, Kakudidi E, Byamukama R, Mukonzo J, Schubert A, Oryem-Origa H (2020) Indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used by herbalists in treating opportunistic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. J Ethnopharmacol 246:112205.
Araya YN (2007) Contribution of trees for oral hygiene in east Africa. Ethnobot Leaflets 11:38–44
Google Scholar
Arifnuryadin HA, Affandi H (1998) Studies on natural products of Albizia sp. Biotropia 11:1–8
Google Scholar
Ashokkumar R, Ramaswamy M (2014) Phytochemical screening by FTIR spectroscopic analysis of leaf extracts of selected Indian medicinal plants. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 3(1):395–406
CAS
Google Scholar
Ayatollahia AM, Ghanadian M, Afsharypour S, Abdella OM, Mirzai M, Askari G (2011) Pentacyclic triterpenes in Euphorbia microsciadia with their T-cell proliferation activity. Iran J Pharmaceut Res 10(2):287–294
Google Scholar
Baek MY, Cho JG, Lee DY, Ann EM, Jeong TS, Baek NI (2010) Isolation of triterpenoids from the stem bark of Albizia julibrissin and their inhibition activity on ACAT-1 and ACAT-2. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 53:310–315
CAS
Google Scholar
Bashyam R, Thekkumalai M, Sivanandham V (2015) Evaluation of phytoconstituents of Bryonopsis laciniosa fruit by UV-Visible Spectroscopy and FTIR analysis. Pharmacog J 7(3):165–170
CAS
Google Scholar
Bossard E (1993) Angolan medicinal plants used also as piscicides and/or soaps. J Ethnopharmacol 40(1):1–19
MathSciNet
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Branco A, Pinto AC, Braz-Filho R (2004) Chemical constituents of Vellozia graminifolia (Velloziaceae). An Acad Bras Ciênc 76(3):505–518
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Budzikiewicz H, Wilson JM, Djerassi C (1963) Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems. XXXII. Pentacylic triterpenes. J Am Chem Soc 85(22):3688–99
Bunalema L, Obakiro S, Tabuti JRS, Waako P (2014) Knowledge on plants used traditionally in the treatment of tuberculosis in Uganda. J Ethnopharmacol 151(2):999–1004
PubMed
Google Scholar
Byamukama R, Ganza B, Namukobe J, Heydenreich M, Kiremire BT (2015) Bioactive compounds in the stem bark of Albizia coriaria (Welw. ex Oliver). Int J Biol Chem Sci 9(2):1013–1024.
Carvalho TC, Polizeli AM, Turatti ICC, Severiano ME, Carvalho CE, Ambrósio SR et al (2010) Screening of filamentous fungi to identify biocatalysts for lupeol biotransformation. Molecules 15(9):6140–6151
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chepkorir R, Matasyoh JC, Wagara IN (2018) Two withanolides from Withania somnifera (solanaceae) and activity of methanolic extracts against fungal and bacterial pathogens that affects food crops. Afr J Food Sci 12(5):115–125
CAS
Google Scholar
Choi SZ, Yang MC, Choi SU, Lee KR (2006) Cytotoxic terpenes and lignans from the roots of Ainsliaea acerifolia. Archiv Pharm Res 29(3):203–208
CAS
Google Scholar
Cichewicz RH, Kouzi SA (2004) Chemistry, biological activity, and chemotherapeutic potential of betulinic acid for the prevention and treatment of cancer and HIV infection. Med Res Revs 24(1):90–114
CAS
Google Scholar
Cîntă-Pînzaru S, Dehelean CA, Soica C, Culea M, Borcan F (2012) Evaluation and differentiation of the Betulaceae birch bark species and their bioactive triterpene content using analytical FT-vibrational spectroscopy and GC-MS. Chem Central J 6:67
Google Scholar
Cordeiro PJM, Vilegas JHY, Lanças FM (1999) HRGC-MS analysis of terpenoids from Maytenus ilicifolia and Maytenus aquifolium (“Espinheira Santa”). J Braz Chem Soc 10(6):523–526
CAS
Google Scholar
Çulhaoğlu B, Hatipoğlu SD, Dönmez AA, Topçu G (2015) Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of lupane triterpenoids and other constituents of Salvia trichoclada. Med Chem Res 24:3831–3837
Google Scholar
Das AJ, Khawas P, Miyaji T, Deka SC (2016) Phytochemical constituents, attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared analysis and antimicrobial activity of four plant leaves used for preparing rice beer in Assam, India. Int J Food Prop 19(9):2087–2101
CAS
Google Scholar
Dasgupta A, Steinagel G (1997) Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric identification and quantitation of benzyl alcohol from human serum and postmortem blood after derivatization with 4-carbethoxy hexafluorobutyryl chloride: a novel derivative. J Forensic Sci 42(4):697–700
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Agroforestry Database (2009) Albizia coriaria. Retrieved January 20th, 2020 from http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Albizia_coriaria.PDF
Dharani N, Yenesew A, Aynekulu E, Tuei B, Jamnadass R (2015). Traditional ethnoveterinary medicine in East Africa: a manual on the use of medicinal plants. Dawson IK ed. The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya, 199 p
Dhivya SM, Kalaichelvi K (2017) UV–Vis spectroscopic and FTIR analysis of Sarcostemma brevistigma, wight and arn. Int J Herbal Med 9(3):46–49
Donkor S, Larbie C, Komlaga G, Emikpe BO (2019) Phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant profiles of Duranta erecta L. Parts Biochem Res Int 2019:8731595
PubMed
Google Scholar
Doshi GM, Nalawade VV, Mukadam AS, Chaskar PK, Zine SP, Somani RR, Une HD (2015) Structural elucidation of chemical constituents from Benincasa hispida seeds and Carissa congesta roots by gas chromatography: mass spectroscopy. Pharmacog Res 7:282–293
CAS
Google Scholar
El Sayed AM (2016) Leaves of Schinus polygamous (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae) are a potential source of hepatoprotective and antioxidant phytochemicals. J Med Plants Res 10:223–231
Google Scholar
El-Hawary S, El-Fouly K, Sokkar NM, Talaat Z (2011) A phytochemical profile of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Cultivated in Egypt. Asian J Biochem 6:122–141
CAS
Google Scholar
Fotso GW, Kamga J, Ngameni B, Uesugi S, Ohno M, Kimura KI, Momma H, Kwon E, Furuno H, Shiono Y, Ingrid SK, Yeboah SO, Ngadjui BT (2017) Secondary metabolites with antiproliferative effects from Albizia glaberrima var glabrescens Oliv. (Mimosoideae). Nat Prod Res 31(17):1981–1198
Geissler PW, Harris SA, Prince RJ, Olsen A, Odhiambo RA, Oketch-Rabah H et al (2002) Medicinal plants used by Luo mothers and children in Bondo district, Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol 83:39–54
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gutierrez-Lugo MT, Deschamps JD, Holman TR, Suarez E, Timmermann BN (2004) Lipoxygenase inhibition by anadanthoflavone, a new flavonoid from the aerial parts of Anadenanthera colubrina. Planta Med 70:263–265
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heinzen H, de Vries JX, Moyna P, Remberg G, Martinez R, Tietze LF (1996) Mass spectrometry of labelled triterpenoids: thermospray and electron impact ionization analysis. Phytochem Anal 7:237–244
CAS
Google Scholar
ICRAF (1992) A Selection of Useful Trees and Shrubs for Kenya. International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya
India J (2015) Efficacy of some medicinal plants used in various parts of Kenya in treating selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. MSc Thesis, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Janakiraman N, Johnson M (2015) Functional groups of tree ferns (Cyathea) using FT-IR: chemotaxonomic implications. Roman J Biophys 25(2):131–141
Google Scholar
Jeong SY, Zhao BT, Kim YH, Min BS, Woo MH (2013) Cytotoxic and antioxidant compounds isolated from the cork of Euonymus alatus Sieb. Nat Prod Sci 19(4):366–371
CAS
Google Scholar
Jeruto P, Mutai C, Ouma G, Lukhoba C, Nyamaka RL, Manani SD (2010) Ethnobotanical survey and propagation of some endangered medicinal plants from south Nandi district of Kenya. J Anim Plant Sci 8(3):1016–1043
Google Scholar
Johns T, Kokwaro JO, Kimanani EK (1990) Herbal remedies of the Luo of Siaya District, Kenya: establishing quantitative criteria for consensus. Econ Bot 44(3):369–381
Google Scholar
Johns T, Faubert GM, Kokwaro JO, Mahunnah RLA, Kimanani EK (1995) Anti-giardial activity of gastrointestinal remedies of the Luo of East Africa. J Ethnopharmacol 46:17–23
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Joshi H, Saxena GK, Singh V, Arya E, Singh RP (2013) Phytochemical investigation, isolation and characterization of betulin from bark of Betula utilis. J Pharmacog Phytochem 8192(1):266–285
Google Scholar
Kama-Kama F, Midiwo J, Nganga J, Maina N, Schiek E, Omosa LK, Osanjo G, Naessens J (2016) Selected ethno-medicinal plants from Kenya with in vitro activity against major African livestock pathogens belonging to the “Mycoplasma mycoides cluster.” J Ethnopharmacol 192:524–534
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Karan BN, Maity TK, Pal BC, Singha T, Jana S (2019) Betulinic acid, the first lupane-type triterpenoid isolated via bioactivity-guided fractionation, and identified by spectroscopic analysis from leaves of Nyctanthes arbortristis: its potential biological activities in vitro assays. Nat Prod Res 33(22):3287–3292
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karpagasundari C, Kulothungan S (2014) Analysis of bioactive compounds in Physalis minima leaves using GCMS, HPLC, UV–Vis and FTIR techniques. J Pharmacog Phytochem 3(4):196–201
Google Scholar
Katuura E, Omujal F, Tumusiime RH, Nabukalu D, Byamukama R (2016) Documentation of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used to manage common influenza and related symptoms in Luwero district, central Uganda. J Med Plants Res 10(39):705–716
Google Scholar
Kavitha A, Mary Kensa V, Neelamegam R, Salom GTV (2019) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of ethanolic extract Of Rivina humilis L. (Mixture). Pramana Res J 9:585–591
Google Scholar
Kiria MJ (2018) Antimicrobial Activity and Constituents of the Root Bark of Loncocarpus eriocalyx. MSc Thesis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Koma OS, Sani IM (2014) Betulinic acid from antimicrobial root wood extract of Dalbergia saxatilis Hook f.(Fabaceae). Eur J Med Plants 4(6):686–694
Kyazike E (2021) Exploring the preference for indigenous medicinal plant medicine in Buliisa District, Western Uganda. Inkanyiso J Human Soc Sci 13:77–104
Google Scholar
Langat PK (2013) Ethnobotanical study, toxicity and phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants of Tinderet district, Nandi county, Kenya. MSc Thesis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Lee DY, Jung L, Lyu HN, Jeong TS, Lee YH, Baek NI (2009) Triterpenoids from the fruits of Cornus kousa burg. As human acylcoa: Cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors. Food Sci Biotechnol 18(1):223–227
Leiderer (1982) La médécine traditionnelle chez les Bekpak (Bafia) du Cameroun. St. Augustin, Deutschland: Haus Volker und kulturen
Leite SP, Adami TB, Bjerk TR, dos Reis Souza MR, Cardoso CAL, Krause LC, Caramão EB (2020) Ultrasonic assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from different parts of Hancornia speciosa Gomes. J Med Plants Res 14(7):300–308
CAS
Google Scholar
Lucchini JJ, Corre J, Cremieux A (1990) Antibacterial activity of phenolic compounds and aromatic alcohols. Res Microbiol 141(4):499–510
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Luvonga MW (2007) Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of some plants used by traditional healers for treatment of microbial infections in Kakamega district: Kenya. MSc Thesis: Nairobi, Kenyatta University, Kenya
Malik SK, Ahmed M, Khan F (2018) Identification of novel anticancer terpenoids from Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC (Leguminosae) pods. Trop J Pharmaceut Res 17:661–668
CAS
Google Scholar
Mengesha H, Birrie H, Gundersen G (1997) The molluscicidal effect of the bark of “Bitza” tree: a local discovery towards the control of schistosomiasis in the Abay river valley of Western Ethiopia. Ethiopian J Health Dev 11:89–92
Google Scholar
Müller M, Volmer D (2017) Interpretation of mass spectra. Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. Retrieved July 20th, 2021 from https://www.uni-saarland.de/fileadmin/upload/lehrstuhl/jauch/An04_Massenspektroskopie_Skript_Volmer.pdf
Muthaura CN, Keriko JM, Mutai C, Yenesew A, Gathirwa JW, Irungu BN, Nyangacha R, Mungai GM, Derese S (2015) Antiplasmodial potential of traditional phytotherapy of some remedies used in treatment of malaria in Meru-Tharaka Nithi County of Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol 175:315–323
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nalubega R, Kabasa JD, Olila D, Kateregga J (2011) Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of eleven plants used as poultry ethnomedicines in Southern Uganda. Agric J 6:303–309
Google Scholar
Nambooze J (2019) Isolation and structural elucidation of antibacterial triterpeniods compounds from stem bark of Psorospermum febrifugum (Spach var. febrifugum). MSc Thesis, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Namukobe J, Kasenene JM, Kiremire BT, Byamukama R, Kamatenesi-Mugisha M, Krief S, Dumontet V, Kabasa JD (2011) Traditional plants used for medicinal purposes by local communities around the northern sector of Kibale National Park, Uganda. J Ethnopharmacol 136:236–245
PubMed
Google Scholar
Namukobe J, Lutaaya A, Asiimwe S, Byamukama R (2021) An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the management of dermatological disorders in Buyende and Kayunga Districts, Uganda. Eur J Med Plants 32:15–40
Google Scholar
Nandiyanto ABD, Oktiani R, Ragadhita R (2019) How to read and interpret FTIR spectroscope of organic material. J Sci Technol 4:97–118
Google Scholar
Nanyunja KR (2003) Indigenous knowledge of the abundance of medicinal and food plants in Mount Moroto forest reserve. In: Proceedings of the 11th world forestry congress
Netala VR, Kotakadi VS, Nagam V, Bobbu P, Ghosh SB, Tartte V (2015) First report of biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous callus extract of Centella asiatica and their antimicrobial activity. Appl Nanosci 5:801–807
ADS
CAS
Google Scholar
Nicolescu TO (2017) Interpretation of Mass Spectra. In: Mass spectrometry, IntechOpen, pp 23–78
Noté OP, Mitaine-Offer AC, Miyamoto T, Paululat T, Mirjolet JF, Duchamp O, Pegnyemb DE, Lacaille-Dubois MA (2009) Cytotoxic acacic acid glycosides from the roots of Albizia coriaria. J Nat Prod 72(10):1725–1730
PubMed
Google Scholar
Note OP, Chabert P, Pegnyem DE, Weniger B, Lacaille-Dubois M, Lobstein A (2010) Structure elucidation of new acacic acid-type saponins from Albizia coriaria. Mag Res Chem 48(10):829–836
CAS
Google Scholar
Obakiro SB, Kiprop A, Kowino I, Kigondu E, Odero MP, Omara T, Bunalema L (2020) Ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, and phytochemistry of traditional medicinal plants used in the management of symptoms of tuberculosis in East Africa: a systematic review. Trop Med Health 48:68
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ochwang’i DO, Kimwele CN, Oduma JA, Gathumbi PK, Mbaria JM, Kiama SG, (2014) Medicinal plants used in treatment and management of cancer in Kakamega County, Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol 151:1040–1055
Google Scholar
Ogukwe CE, Idika ID, Awosu EA (2018) Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometric (GC-MS) studies on therapeutic potentials of Costus afer Ker Gawl leaves. World J Pharmaceut Res 7:79–88
Google Scholar
Ogunkoya L (1981) Application of mass spectrometry in structural problems in triterpenes. Phytochem 20:121–126
CAS
Google Scholar
Ogunmoye A, Oladosu I, Onocha P, Choudhary I (2018) Isolation of Betulinic acid from the stem bark and root of Uapaca guineensis. J Res Revs Sci 4:92–96
Google Scholar
Olala CN (2014) Identification of plants used for treatment of malaria and factors influencing their use in Boro division, Siaya county, Kenya. MSc Thesis, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Olila D, Ziraba BR, Kamoga D (2007) Bio-prospective studies on medicinal plants used to manage poultry diseases in the Mount Elgon region of Uganda. Res J Pharmacol 1:56–60
Google Scholar
Oliveira RN, Mancini MC, de Oliveira FCS, Passos TM, Quilty B, Thiré RMSM, McGuinness GB (2016) FTIR analysis and quantification of phenols and flavonoids of five commercially available plants extracts used in wound healing. Rev Matéria 21:767–779
CAS
Google Scholar
Oloyede GK, Ali M, Lateef M (2019) Enzyme inhibition, Antioxidant and Insecticidal activities of flavonoids and fixed oil from Albizia zygia (J. F.Macbr). Life Sci J 16:33–40
CAS
Google Scholar
Omara T (2020) Antimalarial plants used across Kenyan Communities. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2020:4538602
Google Scholar
Omara T, Kagoya S, Openy A, Omute T, Ssebulime S, Kiplagat KM, Bongomin O (2020a) Antivenin plants used for treatment of snakebites in Uganda: ethnobotanical reports and pharmacological evidences. Trop Med Health 48(1):6
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Omara T, Kiprop AK, Ramkat RC, Cherutoi J, Kagoya S, Nyangena DM et al (2020b) Medicinal plants used in traditional management of cancer in Uganda: a review of ethnobotanical surveys, phytochemistry, and anticancer studies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020:3529081
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Omara T, Kiprop AK, Kosgei V (2021a) Albizia coriaria Welw ex Oliver: a review of its ethnobotany, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology. Adv Tradit Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-021-00600-8
Article
Google Scholar
Omara T, Kiprop AK, Kosgei VJ (2021b) Intraspecific variation of phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of different solvent extracts of Albizia coriaria leaves from some agroecological zones of Uganda. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2021:2335454
Google Scholar
Omara T, Kiprop AK, Kosgei VJ (2022) Phytochemical screening, total polyphenolic content, in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Albizia coriaria Welw ex. Oliver flowers. Lett Appl NanoBiosci (in press)
Orodho JA, Kirimuhuzya C, Otieno JN, Magadula JJ, Okemo P (2011) Local management of tuberculosis by traditional medicine practitioners in Lake Victoria region. Open Complement Med J 3:1–9
Google Scholar
Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A (2009) Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. Nairobi, Kenya
Peng G, Guan H, Wang X, Shi Y (2017) Simultaneous determination of 14 active constituents of Shengjiang Xiexin decoction using ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Acta Pharm Sin B 7:193–201
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pereira FBM, Domingues FMJ, Silva AMS (1996) Triterpenes from Acacia dealbata. Nat Prod Lett 8:97–103
CAS
Google Scholar
Prachayasittikul S, Saraban P, Cherdtrakulkiat R, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V (2010) New bioactive triterpenoids and antimalarial activity of Diospyros rubra Lec. EXCLI J 9:1–10
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Prashant A, Krupadanam GLD (1993) Dehydro-6-hydroxyrotenoid and lupenone from Tephrosia villosa. Phytochem 32:484–486
CAS
Google Scholar
Rani N, Sharma S, Sharma M (2016) Phytochemical analysis of Meizotropis pellita by FTIR and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Indian J Sci Technol 9:1–4
Google Scholar
Räsänen RM, Hieta JP, Immanen J, Nieminen K, Haavikko R, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Kauppila TJ (2019) Chemical profiles of birch and alder bark by ambient mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 411:7573–7583
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rukunga GM, Waterman PG (2001a) A new oleanane glycoside from the stem bark of Albizia gummifera. Fitoterapia 72:140–145
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rukunga GM, Waterman PG (2001b) Triterpenes of Albizia versicolor and Albizia schimperana stem barks. Fitoterapia 72:188–190
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sangster AW, Stuart KL (1965) Ultraviolet Spectra of Alkaloids. Chem Revs 65:69–130
CAS
Google Scholar
Schultz F, Anywar G, Tang H, Chassagne F, Lyles JT, Garbe L, Quave CL (2020a) Targeting ESKAPE pathogens with anti-infective medicinal plants from the Greater Mpigi region in Uganda. Sci Rep 10(1):11935
ADS
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schultz F, Osuji OF, Wack B, Anywar G, Garbe LA (2021b) Antiinflammatory medicinal plants from the Ugandan greater Mpigi region act as potent inhibitors in the COX-2/PGH2 pathway. Plants 10:351
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schultz F, Anywar G, Wack B, Quave CL, Garbe L (2020a) Ethnobotanical study of selected medicinal plants traditionally used in the rural greater Mpigi region of Uganda. J Ethnopharmacol 256:112742
Schultz F, Anywar G, Quave CL, Garbe L-A (2021b) A bibliographic assessment using the degrees of publication method: medicinal plants from the Rural Greater Mpigi Region (Uganda). EvidBased Complement Altern Med 2021a:666156.
Seung-Joo L, Umano K, Shibamoto T, Lee KG (2005) Identification of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties. Food Chem 91:131–137
Google Scholar
Shai LJ, McGaw LJ, Aderogba MA, Mdee LK, Eloff JN (2008) Four pentacyclic triterpenoids with antifungal and antibacterial activity from Curtisia dentata (Burm.f) C.A. Sm. Leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 119:238–244
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shin YG, Cho KH, Chung SM, Graham J, Das Gupta TK, Pezzuto JM (1999) Determination of betulinic acid in mouse blood, tumor and tissue homogenates by liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 732:331–336
CAS
Google Scholar
Shiracko N, Owuor BO, Gakuubi MM, Wanzala W (2016) A survey of ethnobotany of the AbaWanga people in Kakamega county, Western province of Kenya. Indian J Tradit Knowl 15:93–102
Google Scholar
Siddique HR, Saleem H (2011) Beneficial health effects of lupeol triterpene: a review of preclinical studies. Life Sci 88:285–293
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Šiman P, Filipová A, Tichá A, Niang M, Bezrouk A, Havelek R (2016) Effective method of purification of betulin from birch bark: the importance of its purity for scientific and medicinal use. PLoS ONE 11:e0154933
Sirama VO (2014) Ethnobotanical, bioactivity and phytochemical evaluation of anthelmintic herbal remedies of Migori County, Kenya. MSc Thesis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Srivastava P, Chaturvedi R (2010) Simultaneous determination and quantification of three pentacyclic triterpenoids—betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid—in cell cultures of Lantana camara L. In Vitro Cell Develop Biol 46:549–557
CAS
Google Scholar
Sulaiman CT, Ramesh PR, Mahesh K, Madhu KM, Anandan EM, Praveen M, Indira B (2020) Chemical profiling of a polyherbal formulation by tandem mass spectroscopic analysis with multiple ionization techniques. Future J Pharm Sci 6:40
Google Scholar
Suttiarporn P, Chumpolsri W, Mahatheeranont S, Luangkamin S, Teepsawang S, Leardkamolkarn V (2015) Structures of phytosterols and triterpenoids with potential anti-cancer activity in bran of black non-glutinous rice. Nutrients 7:1672–1687
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tamokou JD, Mpetga DS, Lunga PK, Tene M, Tane P, Kuiate J (2012) Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate extract, fractions and compounds from stem bark of Albizia adianthifolia (Mimosoideae). BMC Complement Altern Med 12:99
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tchimene MK, Nwaehujor CO, Ezenwali M, Okoli CC, Iwu MM (2016) Free radical scavenging activity of lupeol isolated from the methanol leaf extract of Crateva adansonii Oliv. (Capparidaceae). Int J Pharmacog Phytochem Res 8:419–426
Google Scholar
Tedankara (2021) Mass spectroscopy (MS). Retrieved on August 5th, 2021 from https://library.tedankara.k12.tr/carey/ch13-ms.html
Thammavong S (2012) Chemical constituents of Albizia myriophylla wood and biological activities. MSc Thesis, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
Thube S, Katekar S, Kureshi T (2014) Screening of Albizia lebbeck bark extract as a potential antivenom agent against Cobra Naja naja. In: Annual international conference on pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF)
Tijjani A, Ndukwe I, Ayo R (2012) Isolation and characterization of Lup-20(29)-ene-3, 28-diol (Betulin) from the Stem-Bark of Adenium obesum (Apocynaceae). Trop J Pharmaceut Res 11:259–262
CAS
Google Scholar
Tsabang N, Yedjou CG, Tchounwou PB (2017) Phytotherapy of high blood pressure in three phytogeographic regions of Cameroon. Pharmaceut Anal Acta 7:530
Google Scholar
Tugume P, Kakudidi EK, Buyinza M, Namaalwa J, Kamatenesi M, Mucunguzi P, Kalema J (2016) Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plant species used by communities around Mabira Central Forest Reserve, Uganda. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12(1):5
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wahyuono S (1985) Phytochemical Investigation of Amsonia randiflora Family Apocynaceae. MSc Thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Wanyama PAG, Kiremire BT, Murumu JES, Kamoga O (2011) Textile dyeing and phytochemical characterization of crude plant extracts derived from selected dye-yielding plants in Uganda. Int J Nat Prod Res 1:26–31
Google Scholar
Xu F, Huang X, Wu H, Wang X (2018) Beneficial health effects of lupenone triterpene: a review. Biomed Pharmacotherap 103:198–203
CAS
Google Scholar
Yam-Puc MA, Santana-Hernández AA, Yah-Nahuat PN, Ramón-Sierra JM, Cáceres-Farfán MR, Borges-Argáez RL, Ortiz-Vázquez E (2019) Pentacyclic triterpenes and other constituents in propolis extract from Melipona beecheii collected in Yucatan, México. Revista Brasil Farmacog 29:358–363
CAS
Google Scholar
Yetayih MM, Ravichandran YD (2020) Extraction and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil from the peel of Solanum incanum and its antibacterial activity studies. Asian J Chem 32:2001–2006
CAS
Google Scholar
Zahari A, Ablat A, Omer N, Nafiah MA, Sivasothy Y, Mohamad J, Khan MN, Awang K (2016) Ultraviolet-visible study on acid-base equilibria of aporphine alkaloids with antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities from Alseodaphne corneri and Dehaasia longipedicellata. Sci Rep 6:21517
ADS
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zhang W, Jiang H, Yang J, Jin M, Du Y, Sun Q, Cao L, Xu H (2019) Safety assessment and antioxidant evaluation of betulin by LC-MS combined with free radical assay. Anal Biochem 587:113460