Table 3 Table displaying the results of the data analysis pertaining to primary & secondary outcomes

PBSH (OGTT)

–

RR = 1.50 [1.20; 1.87]

RR = 1.34 [0.87; 2.05]

RR = 1.56 [1.20; 2.03]

RR = 1.54 [0.83; 2.85]

RR = 1.49 [1.17; 1.90]

RR = 1.21 [0.43; 3.42]

RR = 1.51 [1.20; 1.90]

RR = 2.09 [0.98; 4.46]

RR = 1.47 [1.12; 1.93]

RR = 1.44 [0.87; 2.40]

RR = 1.21 [0.43; 3.42]

PBSH (CGM)

–

RR = 1.29 [0.55; 3.02]

RR = 1.57 [0.49; 5.02]

RR = 0.75 [0.30; 1.85]

RR = 0.75 [0.30; 1.85]

RR = 1.57 [0.49; 5.02]

RR = 6.15 [2.01; 18.80]

RR = 0.90 [0.65; 1.25]

RR = 0.75 [0.30; 1.85]

RR = 0.75 [0.46; 1.20]

RR = 2.43 [0.46; 12.75]

–

PBSH (Q)

–

RR = 1.99 [1.38; 2.86]

RR = 1.07 [0.61; 1.89]

RR = 2.31 [1.75; 3.05]

RR = 6.88 [0.36; 130.33]

RR = 1.95 [1.35; 2.82]

RR = 2.14 [1.55; 2.94]

RR = 1.95 [0.80; 4.74]

RR = 6.88 [0.36; 130.33]

RR = 1.75 [0.67; 4.58]

–

RR = 2.14 [1.55; 2.94]

Fasting Glucose

mg/dl

MD = 1.11 [− 1.54; 3.76]

MD = 1.34 [− 38.64; 41.33]

MD = 0.71 [− 1.98; 3.41]

MD = − 1.08 [− 4.37; 2.21]

MD = 1.63 [− 1.51; 4.77]

MD = 5.73 [− 31.01; 42.47]

MD = 0.80 [− 2.42; 4.02]

MD = − 1.08 [− 4.37; 2.21]

MD = 1.48 [− 2.10; 5.07]

MD = 1.34 [− 38.64; 41.31]

–

Δ[Fasting Glucose]

mg/dl

MD = 1.82 [− 2.09; 5.72]

MD = 1.80 [1.04; 2.56]

MD = 2.13 [− 5.96; 10.22]

MD = 0.00 [− 0.63; 0.63]

MD = 2.56 [− 1.70; 6.82]

MD = 3.76 [− 90.21; 97.74]

MD = 1.69 [− 2.49; 5.87]

MD = 0.00 [− 0.63; 0.63]

MD = 3.42 [− 13.52; 20.36]

MD = 1.80 [1.04; 2.56]

MD = 1.11 [− 1.54; 3.76]

Fasting Insulin

pmol/l

MD = 1.55 [− 20.94; 24.04]

MD = − 5.89 [− 97.96; 86.17]

MD = 17.09 [− 23.04; 57.21]

–

MD = 1.55 [− 20.94; 24.04]

MD = − 5.75 [− 370.35; 358.85]

MD = 1.60 [− 41.69; 44.90]

–

MD = 17.09 [− 23.04; 57.21]

MD = − 5.89 [− 97.96; 86.17]

–

Δ[Fasting Insulin]

pmol/l

MD = 15.12 [− 58.47; 88.70]

MD = 48.00 [44.67; 51.33]

MD = 1.95 [− 121.64; 125.54]

–

MD = 15.12 [− 58.47; 88.70]

MD = − 0.84 [− 659.62; 657.95]

MD = 29.10 [− 212.07; 270.26]

–

MD = 1.95 [− 121.64; 125.54]

MD = 48.00 [− 44.67; 51.33]

–

1-h OGTT Glucose

mg/dl

MD = 5.95 [− 6.28; 18.17]

MD = 1.86 [− 111.44; 115.16]

MD = 16.33 [− 9.52; 42.18]

MD = − 20.60 [− 65.94; 24.74]

MD = 7.65 [− 3.13; 18.43]

MD = 24.01 [− 108.08; 156.09]

MD = 4.59 [− 16.70; 25.88]

–

MD = 7.56 [− 24.37; 39.49]

MD = 5.40 [− 7.49; 18.29]

–

Δ[1-h OGTT Glucose]

mg/dl

MD = 9.58 [− 4.96; 24.12]

MD = 14.37 [11.51; 17.24]

MD = − 3.98 [− 41.31; 33.35]

MD = 12.50 [− 7.70; 32.70]

MD = 6.40 [− 6.28; 18.17]

MD = − 3.98 [− 41.31; 33.35]

MD = 14.37 [11.51; 17.24]

–

MD = 2.97 [− 22.71; 28.64]

MD = 14.40 [11.97; 16.83]

–

2-h OGTT Glucose

mg/dl

MD = − 10.54 [− 16.63; − 4.45]

MD = − 10.29 [− 53.89; 33.31]

MD = − 10.98 [− 28.15; 6.20]

MD = − 19.40 [− 44.98; 6.18]

MD = − 9.79 [− 16.56; − 3.01]

MD = 0.88 [− 92.50; 94.26]

MD = − 11.19 [− 20.57; − 1.81]

–

MD = − 12.47 [− 23.58; –1.36]

MD = − 9.00 [− 18.64; 0.64]

–

Δ[2-h OGTT Glucose]

mg/dl

MD = − 12.67 [− 39.66; 14.33]

MD = − 5.81 [− 198.88; 187.26]

MD = − 23.48 [− 61.10; 14.14]

MD = − 21.40 [− 31.14; − 11.66]

MD = − 9.80 [− 58.49; 38.90]

MD = − 23.48 [− 61.10; 14.14]

MD = − 5.81 [− 198.88; 187.26]

–

MD = − 21.94 [− 27.28; − 16.59]

MD = 9.00 [7.26; 10.74]

–

1-h OGTT Insulin

pmol/l

MD = 2.77 [− 47.18; 52.72]

MD = − 18.12 [− 263.70; 227.46]

MD = 72.81 [− 1378.40; 1524.03]

MD = − 9.80 [− 84.01; 64.41]

MD = 5.64 [− 83.77; 95.06]

MD = 72.81 [− 1378.40; 1524.03]

MD = − 18.12 [− 263.70; 227.46]

–

MD = 5.12 [− 69.73; 79.97]

MD = − 63.00 [− 235.31; 109.31]

Δ[1-h OGTT Insulin]

pmol/l

MD = 139.26 [− 150.48; 428.99]

MD = 97.98 [− 767.31; 963.27]

MD = 190.97 [− 2434.33; 2816.27]

MD = 29.80 [0.57; 59.03]

MD = 179.04 [− 330.72; 688.79]

MD = 190.97 [− 2434.33; 2816.27]

MD = 97.98 [− 767.31; 963.27]

–

MD = 133.58 [− 424.63; 691.78]

MD = 166.00 [138.21; 193.79]

–

2-h OGTT Insulin

pmol/l

MD = − 43.61 [− 111.76; 24.54]

MD = − 48.84 [− 508.65; 410.96]

MD = − 40.51 [− 546.69; 465.67]

MD = − 13.60 [− 49.58; 22.38]

MD = − 58.69 [− 173.51; 56.13]

MD = − 40.51 [− 546.69; 465.67]

MD = − 48.84 [− 508.65; 410.96]

–

MD = − 18.83 [− 72.77; 35.10]

MD = − 86.00 [− 128.74; − 43.26]

–

Δ[2-h OGTT Insulin]

pmol/l

MD = 51.89 [− 121.98; 225.76]

MD = 96.01 [− 1313.11; 1505.12]

MD = − 3.75 [− 419.93; 412.44]

MD = − 14.80 [− 33.75; 4.15]

MD = 74.83 [− 228.23; 377.88]

MD = − 3.75 [− 419.93; 412.44]

MD = 96.01 [− 1313.11; 1505.12]

-

MD = − 19.50 [− 55.78; 16.78]

MD = 207.00 [184.26; 229.74]

–

Male pts

–

OR = 0.63 [0.28; 1.41]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

WL

Kg

MD = − 3.84 [− 7.06; -0.63]

MD = − 2.93 [− 8.82; 2.96]

MD = − 5.51 [− 7.72; -3.29]

MD = − 3.99 [− 36.27; 28.29]

MD = − 2.99 [− 5.32; -0.66]

MD = − 1.75 [− 105.94; 102.44]

MD = − 3.92 [− 9.15; 1.32]

MD = − 5.53 [− 6.53; -4.53]

MD = − 0.34 [− 13.82; 13.14]

MD = − 3.00 [− 4.14; -1.86]

–

Δ[BMI]

Kg/m²

MD = − 1.49 [− 1.86; -1.12]

MD = − 1.08 [− 2.85; 0.69]

MD = − 1.45 [− 1.81; -1.10]

MD = − 0.68 [− 12.95; 11.58]

MD = − 1.62 [− 2.12; -1.13]

MD = − 1.05 [− 2.71; 0.61]

MD = − 1.53 [− 2.04; -1.02]

MD = − 1.41 [− 1.68; -1.14]

MD = − 1.07 [− 3.10; 0.97]

MD = − 1.40 [− 3.44; 0.64]

–

EBWL

%

MD = − 3.15 [− 12.05; 5.74]

MD = − 3.15 [− 12.05; 5.74]

–

MD = − 0.60 [− 19.97; 18.77]

MD = − 3.37 [− 18.55; 11.81]

MD = 3.30 [− 2.28; 8.88]

MD = − 7.71 [− 10.55; -4.86]

–

MD = − 0.60 [− 19.97; 18.77]

MD = − 3.37 [− 18.55; 11.81]

–

Δ[WC]

cm

MD = − 0.75 [− 61.49; 59.98]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

HbA1c

%

MD = 0.15 [− 0.12; 0.42]

MD = 0.03 [− 0.93; 1.00]

MD = 0.28 [− 0.43; 1.00]

MD = 0.03 [− 0.10; 0.16]

MD = 0.23 [− 0.17; 0.63]

MD = 0.35 [− 0.10; 0.81]

MD = 0.01 [− 0.17; 0.19]

MD = 0.03 [− 0.10; 0.16]

MD = 0.50 [0.50; 0.50]

MD = 0.03 [− 0.93; 1.00]

–

HOMA-IR

–

MD = − 0.09 [− 1.23; 1.05]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Δ[HOMA-IR]

–

MD = 1.82 [− 6.51; 10.15]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

HG events

10-d average

MD = 2.59 [− 24.68; 29.85]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Peak Glucose (OGTT)

mg/dl

MD = 49.11 [16.12; 82.10]

MD = 53.22 [27.83; 78.61]

MD = 38.13 [− 267.82; 344.08]

–

MD = 49.11 [16.12; 82.10]

MD = 62.00 [28.26; 95.74]

MD = 45.14 [− 14.42; 104.69]

-

MD = 38.13 [− 267.82; 344.08]

MD = 53.22 [27.83; 78.61]

–

Time to Peak Glucose (OGTT)

min

MD = 6.27 [− 20.98; 33.51]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

-

–

Nadir Glucose (OGTT)

mg/dl

MD = − 5.70 [− 10.03; -1.37]

MD = − 3.90 [− 17.30; 9.49]

MD = − 7.26 [− 33.23; 18.71]

-

MD = 5.70 [− 10.03; − 1.37]

MD = − 5.00 [− 11.86; 1.86]

MD = − 5.88 [− 13.90; 2.13]

–

MD = − 7.26 [− 33.23; 18.71]

MD = − 3.90 [− 17.30; 9.49]

–

Peak–Nadir glycemic range

mg/dl

MD = 52.22 [18.25; 86.19]

MD = 60.82 [− 10.98; 132.63]

MD = 43.15 [− 237.51; 323.82]

-

MD = 52.22 [18.25; 86.19]

MD = 67.00 [60.02; 73.98]

MD = 47.37 [− 10.28; 105.03]

–

MD = 43.15 [− 237.51; 323.82]

MD = 60.82 [− 10.98; 132.63]

–

C-peptide

ng/ml

MD = − 0.80 [− 15.57; 13.97]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Δ[C-peptide]

ng/ml

MD = 1.34 [− 36.78; 39.45]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1 h/fasting Glucose Ratio

–

MD = 0.12 [− 1.75; 2.00]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Δ[1 h/fasting Glucose Ratio]

–

MD = 0.04 [− 0.59; 0.67]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1 h/2 h Glucose Ratio

–

MD = 0.24 [− 1.36; 1.84]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Δ[1 h/2 h Glucose Ratio]

–

MD = 0.33 [− 1.70; 2.37]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1 h/fasting Insulin Ratio

–

MD = 5.97 [− 37.77; 49.70]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Δ[1 h/fasting Insulin Ratio]

–

MD = 8.43 [− 21.39; 38.25]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1 h/2 h Insulin Ratio

–

MD = 4.08 [− 23.87; 32.03]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Δ[1 h/2 h Insulin Ratio]

–

MD = 4.70 [− 23.26; 32.65]

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–