Table 5 Water deficiency rates and some irrigation systems types effectiveness on fruit weight, juice volume, juice TSS, juice acidity, TSS/acid ratio, and ascorbic acid of Washington navel orange fruits (2021–2022 seasons)

First season (2021)

 ETc 100%

280.17^a

158.77^a

10.83^c

0.77^a

14.15^b

36.90^c

 ETc 80%

266.00^b

150.74^b

11.52^b

0.74^b

15.48^b

40.90^b

 ETc 60%

253.83^c

143.85^c

12.67^a

0.69^c

18.51^a

45.76^a

 DIS

269.89^a

152.95^a

11.44^a

0.74^a

15.47^a

39.74^a

 MSIS

263.44^a

149.30^a

11.90^a

0.72^a

16.62^a

42.63^a

 ETc 100% × DIS

284.67^a

161.32^a

10.61^d

0.77^a

13.78^e

35.53^c

 ETc 100% × MSIS

275.67^b

156.22^b

11.05^c

0.76^a

14.51^d

38.27^c

 ETc 80% × DIS

268.33^c

152.07^c

11.38^c

0.75^a

15.13^c

39.93^c

 ETc 80% × MSIS

263.67^d

149.42^d

11.66^c

0.74^a

15.84^c

41.86^b

 ETc 60% × DIS

256.67^e

145.46^e

12.35^b

0.71^a

17.50^b

43.74^a

 ETc 60% × MSIS

251.00^f

142.24^f

12.98^a

0.67^a

19.52^a

47.77^a

Second season (2022)

 ETc 100%

277.00^a

156.98^a

11.02^c

0.79^a

14.01^b

37.32^c

 ETc 80%

259.67^b

147.16^b

11.67^b

0.76^b

15.29^b

41.59^b

 ETc 60%

250.17^c

141.77^c

13.12^a

0.72^c

18.24^a

47.91^a

 DIS

267.33^a

151.50^a

11.63^a

0.76^a

15.25^a

40.24^a

 MSIS

257.22^a

145.77^a

12.25^a

0.75^a

16.44^a

44.31^a

 ETc 100% × DIS

287.00^a

162.65^a

10.88^d

0.79^a

13.76^e

35.82^d

 ETc 100% × MSIS

267.00^b

151.31^b

11.15^c

0.78^a

14.25^d

38.82^d

 ETc 80% × DIS

261.67^c

148.29^c

11.50^c

0.77^a

14.91^d

40.55^c

 ETc 80% × MSIS

257.67^d

146.02^d

11.85^c

0.76^a

15.66^c

42.63^b

 ETc 60% × DIS

253.33^e

143.57^e

12.50^b

0.73^a

17.08^b

44.36^b

 ETc 60% × MSIS

247.00^f

139.98^f

13.75^a

0.71^a

19.40^a

51.47^a