Table 4 Estimated \({\upkappa }_{t}\) (2016–2020)
From: Improving mortality forecasting using a hybrid of Lee–Carter and stacking ensemble model
Year | \({\upkappa }_{t}\) |
|---|---|
2016 | − 1.3068399 |
2017 | − 1.8863190 |
2018 | − 3.5730888 |
2019 | − 4.4964154 |
2020 | − 6.0643773 |