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Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 2 Comparison between the three groups at baseline and after the end of the program (anthropometric measurements, analysis of diabetes, and blood fats

From: The modulation of carbohydrate intake and intermittent fasting in obese Saudi women: a pilot study

Items

TRF ± LCD group (n = 18)

TRF group (n = 18)

Control group (n = 16)

Basel (Mean ± SD)

exp (Mean ± SD)

Change in Basel (Mean ± SD)

Percent Change

P value

Baseline (Mean ± SD)

(Mean ± SD)

Change in Basel (Mean ± SD)

Percent Change

P value

Basel (Mean ± SD)

(Mean ± SD)

Change in Basel (Mean ± SD)

Percent Change

P value

Weight (Kg)

90.65 ± 13.8

86.08 ± 14.08

 − 4.57 ± 1.59

 − 5.0%

 < 0.001

87.39 ± 13.1

84.89 ± 12.7

 − 2.5 ± 1.01

 − 2.9%

 < 0.001

87.19 ± 13.48

87.5 ± 13.31

0.31 ± 0.25

0.4%

0.173

BMI (kg/m2)

35.2 ± 4.61

33.72 ± 5.2

 − 1.48 ± 4.46

 − 4.2%

 < 0.001

34.94 ± 5.16

33.42 ± 5.11

 − 1.52 ± 1.78

 − 4.4%

 < 0.001

33.38 ± 3.91

33.44 ± 3.86

0.06 ± 0.81

0.2%

0.333

FM(Kg)

52.42 ± 5.8

47.74 ± 7.34

 − 4.68 ± 8.79

 − 8.9%

 < 0.001

51.22 ± 5.88

49.33 ± 5.41

 − 1.89 ± 0.62

 − 3.7%

 < 0.001

53.63 ± 6.41

54.06 ± 6.19

0.43 ± 0 1 0.8% 1 0.048

FFM (Kg)

40.41 ± 10.65

38.28 ± 10.17

 − 2.13 ± 0.89

 − 5.3%

0.004

35.5 ± 8.83

35.33 ± 8.51

 − 0.17 ± 0.51

 − 0.5%

0.269

33.81 ± 10.62

33.81 ± 10.62

0

0

1

VF

10.11 ± 2.47

8.83 ± 2.09

 − 1.28 ± 2.79

 − 12.7"%

 < 0.001

9.78 ± 2.29

9.28 ± 2.24

 − 0.5 ± 2.19 − 5.1%

 < 0.001

9.75 ± 1.53

9.81 ± 1.42

0.06 ± 1.31 1 0.6%

0.333

WC (cm)

97.33 ± 10.82

90.72 ± 10.37

 − 6.61 ± 3.14

 − 6.8"%

 < 0.001

96.5 ± 10.17

92.61 ± 10.36

 − 3.89 ± 3.03

 − 4.0%

 < 0.001

94.25 ± 12.1

94.88 ± 12.17

0.63 ± 0

0.7%

0.076

HC (cm)

124.78 ± 10.63

118.89 ± 11.85

 − 5.89 ± 0.02

 − 4.7%

 < 0.001

124.78 ± 11.05

121.5 ± 11.61

 − 3.28 ± 0.02

 − 2.6%

 < 0.001

122.75 ± 8.22

122.75 ± 8.22

0

0

1

WHR ratio

0.78 ± 0.07

0.76 ± 0.07

 − 0.02 ± 7.69

 − 2.6%

 < 0.001

0.77 ± 0.04

0.76 ± 0.05

 − 0.01 ± 8.15

 − 1.3%

0.149

0.77 ± 0.09

0.77 ± 0.09

0

0

1

FBG (mg/dL)

96.39 ± 9.57

91.5 ± 8.18

 − 4.89 ± 3.38

 − 5.1% |< 0.001 | 96.37 ± 7.69 | 90 ± 9.07 |− 6.37 ± 6 |− 6.6% |< 0.001 | 88.75 ± 9.02

87 ± 7.78

 − 1.75 ± 4.26

 − 2.0%

0.323

Insulin OiU/mL)

14.02 ± 6.37

10.18 ± 5.4

 − 3.84 ± 0.71

 − 27.4%

 < 0.001

13.54 ± 5.2

11.56 ± 7.83

 − 1.98 ± 1.69

 − 14.6%

0.178

13.88 ± 9.38

15.77 ± 10.65

1.89 ± 1.21

13.6%

0.097

HOMA − IR

6.18 ± 12.76

4.94 ± 12.53

 − 1.24 ± 48.78

 − 20.1%

 < 0.001

3.39 ± 1.53

2.46 ± 1.93

 − 0.93 ± 61.12

 − 27.4%

0.032

3.03 ± 2.3

3.55 ± 2.61

0.52 ± 40.31

17.2%

0.103

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

180.06 ± 22.8

184.28 ± 25.29

4.22 ± 6.45

2.3%

0.001

179.94 ± 30.54

178 ± 22.86

 − 1.94 ± 8.73

 − 1.1%

0.802

166.38 ± 23.21

179.81 ± 26.15

13.43 ± 9.07

8.1%

0.059

HDL (mg/dL)

50.33 ± 9.37

50.78 ± 6.9

0.45 ± 31.46

0.9%

 < 0.001

44.08 ± 8.75

50.28 ± 9.25

6.2 ± 34.33

14.1%

0.008

50.63 ± 9.94

50.31 ± 6.63

 − 0.32 ± 22.58

 − 0.6%

0.892

LDL (mg/dL)

108.39 ± 21.71

107.56 ± 31.03

 − 0.83 ± 27.27

 − 0.8%

0.181

105.33 ± 30.22

102.33 ± 25.49

 − 3 ± 27.12

 − 2.8%

0.715

99.88 ± 21.81

114.06 ± 24.72

14.18 ± 28.05

14.2%

0.024

TR (mg/dL)

86.44 ± 37.75

79.61 ± 29.6

 − 6.83 ± 27.27

 − 7.9%

0.001

104.61 ± 57.57

83.17 ± 38.64

 − 21.44 ± 27.12

 − 20.5%

0.004

82.19 ± 30.79

87.31 ± 35.32

5.12 ± 28.05

6.2%

0.476

  1. BMI Body Mass Index, FM Fat Mas, FFM Fat Free mass, VF Visceral fat, WC Waist circumference, HC Hip circumference, WHR Waist-to-hip ratio, FBG Fasting blood glucose, HDL High Density Lipoprotein, LDL Low Density Lipoprotein, TR Triglyceride
  2. *P Value < 0.05, **P value < 0.01 , ***P value < 0.001
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