Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: novel treatment approach breakthroughs

Maddiboyina, Balaji; Roy, Harekrishna; Ramaiah, M.; Sarvesh, C. N.; Kosuru, Sahasra Hanuman; Nakkala, Ramya Krishna; Nayak, Bhabani Shankar

doi:10.1186/s42269-023-01072-3

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 2 A new antibacterial agent is tested in clinical trials to treat MRSA and other drug-resistant bacterial infections

From: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: novel treatment approach breakthroughs

Name of drug	Mechanism of action	Therapeutic effects	Adverse Effects	Clinical phase	Route	Investigators
Dalbavancin	PG biosynthesis inhibition	Staphylococcus skin infection, surgical site infection	Rash, tachycardia and nephrotoxicity	Phase III	IV	Pfizer (Parasippany, NJ, USA)
Mupirocin and chlorhexidine	Inhibition of bacteria t- RNA synthesis	MRSA skin infection	Rash, itching/swelling, severe dizziness	Phase III	Body wash, intranasal	Los Angeles biomedical research institute (USA)
Iclaprim	Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase	Skin and skin structure infection	Nausea, diarrhea, and headache	Phase III (development terminated)		Acino holding (Switzerland)
Tedizolid	Bacterial protein synthesis inhibition by targeting the 50 s ribosomal	Skin and skin structure infection	Nausea, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, and dizziness	Phase III	Oral, IV	Trius Therapeutics (USA)
Delafloxacin	Bacterial gyrase inhibition	Acute Skin and skin structure infection	Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and headache	Phase II	Oral, IV	Rib –X pharmaceutical (ICN)
Tomopenem	Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibition	MRSA infection and gram-positive bacterial infections	Dizziness, dyspepsia, and flatulence	Phase II	IV	Daiichi sankyo (Japan)
Cethromycin	Bacterial protein synthesis inhibition by targeting the 50 s ribosomal	MRSA infection	Diarrhea, nausea, dysgeusia and headache	Phase III	Oral	Abbott/advance life sciences (USA)
LBM-415	Bacterial protein synthesis inhibition by targeting the PDF substance	CA- respiratory tract infection	No adverse effects were observed upon administration of a single 3 g dose	Phase I (development terminated)	Oral	Novartis
Lacilex	Enhance the membrane permeability	Diabetic skin infection include MRSA infection	Rash, itching/swelling	Phase II	Topical	Dipexium pharmaceuticals (USA)
OligoG	Immunomodulation activity	Lung infection in MRSA	Nausea, headache	Phase I	Inhalation	Algi pharma (Norway)
Oritavancin	PG biosynthesis inhibition	Wound infection with MRSA, Systemic inflammation	Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and headache	Phase III	IV	Pfizer (USA)
Omadacycline	Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis	Active against MRSA and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing positive bacteria	Rash, itching, hoarseness, trouble breathing, trouble swallowing	Phase III	Oral, IV	Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Boston, MA, USA

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