Herbal rodent repellent: a dependable and dynamic approach in defiance of synthetic repellent

Quasim, Md. Asad; Karn, Abhishek Kumar; Paul, Sujata; Hmar, El Bethel Lalthavel; Sharma, Hemanta Kumar

doi:10.1186/s42269-023-01055-4

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 4 Repellent effect of various herbal extracts

From: Herbal rodent repellent: a dependable and dynamic approach in defiance of synthetic repellent

PSMs	Plant(s)/compound(s)	Effective rodent species	Outcome	References
Essential oils and Terpenoids	Black pepper oil [Piper nigrum (L.)], Bergamot oil, Buchu oil, Fennel oil [Foeniculum vulgare, (L.) Mill.], Grass-tree oil, (R)-(+) Limonene, Neem oil (Azadirachta indica, A. Juss.), Chinese geranium oil [Pelargonium graveolens (L’Her)], onion oil [Allium cepa (L.)], Garlic oil [Allium sativum (L.)], Bisabolol [Matricaria chamomilla, (L.)], Carvacrol [Origanum vulgare, (L.)], Eugenol [Syzygium aromaticum, (L.)]	Microtus arvalis, Mus musculus, squirrels, Arvicola amphibius, Woodchucks (Marmota monax L.), Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), Arvicola amphibius, Water vole (Arvicola amphibius)	Repellent effect	Hansen et al. (2016), Fischer et al. (2013)
Alkaloids and Alkylamides	Szechuan pepper oil (Zanthoxylum piperitum), capsaicin (Capsicum species), Quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) e.g., sparteine, angustifoline, lupanine, ormosanine, panamine	Rattus norvegicus, Dasyprocta leporina	Repellent effect	Hansen et al. (2016), Stefanini et al. (2020)
Phenolics	Anthraquinone, Cinnamic acid, Cinnamamide, Ferulic acid, Creosote resin, stilbenes	Microtus arvalis, Mus musculus, Neotoma albigula, Castor canadensis, Rattus norvegicus, Neotoma lepida, Neotoma stephensi, Microtus agrestis	Repellent effect	Hansen et al. (2016), Epple et al. (2001)
Tannins	Quercus crispula, Tannic acid	Sciurus niger, Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus carolinensis, Octogon degus, Phyllotis darwini, Apodemus speciosus	Repellent effect	Hansen et al. (2016)

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