Herbal rodent repellent: a dependable and dynamic approach in defiance of synthetic repellent

Quasim, Md. Asad; Karn, Abhishek Kumar; Paul, Sujata; Hmar, El Bethel Lalthavel; Sharma, Hemanta Kumar

doi:10.1186/s42269-023-01055-4

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 2 The following table provides vector-borne diseases along with an illustration of the kind of pathogen that promote the disease in the host

From: Herbal rodent repellent: a dependable and dynamic approach in defiance of synthetic repellent

Sl. No.	Diseases	Pathogenesis	Reservoir/carrier	References
01	Leptospirosis	Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae	Bandicoots Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, Bandicota bengalensis, Nesokia indica, Mus musculus, Apodemus spp., Meriones libycus, Rhombomys opimus	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021), Rabiee et al. (2018)
02	Plague	Yersina pestis	Tatera indica, Bandicota bengalensis, Meriones persicus, Meriones libycus, Mus platythrix, Mus booduga, Meriones vinogradovi, Meriones tristrami, Rattus rattus,	Sharma et al. (2019), Rabiee et al. (2018), Bordes et al. (2015)
03	Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever	Rickettsia rickettsia	Domestic and wild rodents	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021)
04	Salmonellosis	Salmonella spp., Salmonella enteritidis	Mus Musculus, Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus	Ganjeer et al. (2021), Rabiee et al. (2018)
05	Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD)	KFD Virus (Gen. Flavivirus), Flaviviridae	Small Rodents	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021), Bordes et al. (2015)
06	Yersiniosis	Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia enterocolitica	Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus	Rabiee et al. (2018)
07	Leishmaniasis	Leishmenia donovani, Leishmania infantom, Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica	Meriones persicus, Cricetulus migratorius, Meriones libycus, Rhombomys opimus, Tatera indica, Mus musculus, Nesokia indica, Gerbillus sp., Meriones hurrianae, Mesocricetus brandti, Rattus rattus, Ruttus norvegicus	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021), Bordes et al. (2015)
08	Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)	VEE Virus (Gen.Alphavirus)	Wild Rodents’: Sigmoden spp., Prochimys spp., Peromuscus spp., Oryzomys spp.	Sharma et al. (2019), Bordes et al. (2015), Goeijenbier et al. (2013)
09	Venezuelan Haemorrhagic fever	Guanarito virus, Arenaviridae	Cotton Rat: Sigmodon alstoni Cane Mouse: Zygodontomys brevicanda	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021), Goeijenbier et al. (2013)
10	Toxoplasmosis	Toxoplasma gondii	Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus	Ganjeer et al. (2021), Bordes et al. (2015)
11	Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE)	TBE Virus, Flaviviridae	Wild rodents	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021), Bordes et al. (2015)
12	Tick-borne relapsing fever	Borrelia spp.	Rattus norvegicus	Rabiee et al. (2018)
13	HFRS	Hantavirus, Puumala virus, Dobrava virus, Seoul virus	Rodents	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021), Bordes et al. (2015), Goeijenbier et al. (2013)
14	Q fever	Coxiella burnetii	Rodents	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021), Rabiee et al. (2018)
15	Lassa Fever	LASV, Arenaviridae	Rodents’: Mastomys natalensis	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021)
16	Scrub Typhus	Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Orientia tsutsugamushi	Rattus spp.	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021), Goeijenbier et al. (2013)
17	Listeriosis	Listeria spp., Listeria monocytogens	Rodents	Ganjeer et al. (2021), Rabiee et al. (2018)
18	Lyme disease	Borrelia burgodorferi	Rodents	Ganjeer et al. (2021), Rabiee et al. (2018), Bordes et al. (2015)
19	Bartonellosis	Bartonella spp.	Mus musculus	Rabiee et al. (2018)
20	Rickettsial pox	Rickettsia akari	Mus musculus	Ganjeer et al. (2021)
21	Tuberculosis	Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	Mus musculus	Rabiee et al. (2018)
22	Murine typhus	Rickettsia typhi (mooseri)	Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus, Rattus exulans	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021)
23	Babesiosis	Babesia spp., Babesia microti	Meriones persicus, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus	Ganjeer et al. (2021), Bordes et al. (2015)
24	Hepatitis E	HEV, Calciviridae	Rodents	Ganjeer et al. (2021), Rabiee et al. (2018)
25	Tularemia	Francisella tularensis	Microtus paradoxus, Tatera indica	Ganjeer et al. (2021), Rabiee et al. (2018), Bordes et al. (2015)
26	Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic fever	CCHF, Bunyaviridae family	Allactaga williamsi, Mus musculus, Meriones crassus	Ganjeer et al. (2021), Rabiee et al. (2018)
27	Boutonneuse Fever	Rickettsia sibirica Rickettsia conori Rickettsia australis	Rattus spp.	Sharma et al. (2019)
28	Chagas Disease	Trypnosoma cruzi	Rodents	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021), Bordes et al. (2015)
29	Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCMV) (Armstrong’s disease)	LCMV, Arenaviridae	Mus musculus	Sharma et al. (2019), Ganjeer et al. (2021)
30	Cryptosporidiosis	Cryptosporidium spp.	Mus musculus, Mus norvegicus, Rattus rattus,	Ganjeer et al. (2021), Bordes et al. (2015)
31	Giardiasis	Giardia lamblia (Giardia duodenalis)	Rodents	Ganjeer et al. (2021)
32	Fasciolosis	Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica	Rodents	Rabiee et al. (2018)
33	Taeniasis	Taenia spp.	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus, Apodemus spp.	Ganjeer et al. (2021), Rabiee et al. (2018)
34	Hepatic capillariasis	Capilaria hepatica	Meriones persicus, Mus musculus, Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, Cricetulus migratorius	Rabiee et al. (2018)
35	Hymenolepiasis (Rodentolepiasis)	Rodentolepis nana, Rodentolepis diminuta	Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Rhombomys opimus, Tatera indica, Apodemus spp., Meriones persicus, Microtus socialis, Cricetulus migratorius	Rabiee et al. (2018)
36	Alveolar echinococcosis	Echinococcus multilocularis	Microtus transcaspicus, Ochotona rufescens, Mus musculus, Crocidura gmelini, Apodemus spp.	Rabiee et al. (2018)
37	Gongylonemiasis	Gongylonema spp.	Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus	Rabiee et al. (2018)
38	Trichuriasis	Trichuris spp.	Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus, Tatera indica	Rabiee et al. (2018)
39	Argentine Haemorrhagic Fever	Junin Virus	Rodents’: Calomysmusculinus, C.Laucha, Akodonazarae	Sharma et al. (2019)
40	Angiostrogyliasis A nematode disease of the CNS	Arastrongy luscantonensis	Rattus and Bandicota Spp	Sharma et al. (2019)
41	Machupo-Haemorrhagic fever	Machupovirus	Calomyscallosus	Sharma et al. (2019)
42	Encephalo-myocarditis	EMC Virus	Rats and Mice	Sharma et al. (2019)

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