Potential health risk assessment through the consumption of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in parts of the middle Gangetic plain

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 1 Statistical summary of the physico-chemical parameters of water samples analyzed in this study from 40 different sites

Parameters	Min	Max	Mean	SD	AL	PL	No. of samples > AL	No. of samples with > PL
pH	6.15	7.5	6.97	0.24	6.5	8.5	Nil	Nil
EC*	161.9	2230	939.41	424.24	–	1500	–	4
TH	76	640	344.91	115.04	200	600	36	1
Ca⁺²	10	126	50.36	20.14	75	200	4	Nil
Mg⁺²	2.74	109.35	51.22	26.18	30	100	31	2
Na⁺*	1.53	164.33	54.02	45.89	200	NR	Nil	Nil
K⁺*	0.6	121.62	11.71	20.01	12	300	4	Nil
HCO₃⁻	73.8	633.45	431.91	120.62	200	600	38	4
Cl⁻	7.09	453.76	68.81	84.54	250	1000	1	Nil
SO₄⁻²	0	121.7	22.71	24.28	200	400	Nil	Nil
NO₃⁻	0	24.73	7.66	9.87	45	NR	Nil	Nil
Fe	0	5.117	0.99	1.4	1	NR	10	10
As	0.00004	0.912	0.01	0.02	0.01	NR	13	13

*Compared with WHO standards (2011) and remaining parameters with BIS (2012). All parameters are expressed in mg/l except EC in µS/cm and pH
AL acceptable limit, PL permissible limit, SD standard deviation