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Bulletin of the National Research Centre
Fig. 6 | Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Fig. 6

From: A detailed review of pathophysiology, epidemiology, cellular and molecular pathways involved in the development and prognosis of Parkinson's disease with insights into screening models

Fig. 6

Radical species development. ROS are produced by a variety of metabolic processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, superoxide anion (O2 •), Singlet oxygen (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH•) nitric oxide (NO•) and mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS), hydroxyl ion (OH-) (Trist et al. 2019)

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