Relationship between continuous glucose monitor (CGM)-assessed glycemic health and biological markers of cardiovascular health in adults

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 2 Adjusted regression analysis between glucose concentrations and measures of glycemic variability with biological markers of vascular health and oxidative stress

	Vascular health and oxidative stress biological markers
	Nitric oxide (µmol/L)				Myeloperoxidase (ng/mL)				NO:MPO ratio (µmol/L:ng/mL)
	r²	β	SE	p	r²	β	SE	P	r²	β	SE	p
Glycemia measurements (% of day)
Hypoglycemia	0.03	− 0.00	0.00	0.76	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.17	0.05	− 0.00	0.01	0.40
Time in range	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.43	0.02	− 0.00	0.00	0.68	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.40
Hyperglycemia	0.04	− 0.00	0.00	0.32	0.10	− 0.00	0.00	0.12	0.00	− 0.00	0.01	0.85
Glucose concentrations (mg/dL)
Fasting	0.08	0.11	0.08	0.17	0.05	− 0.42	0.36	0.26	0.22	3.79	1.44	0.01
24-h mean	0.03	0.06	0.09	0.48	0.10	− 0.61	0.40	0.14	0.24	2.87	1.74	0.11
Wake time	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.49	0.07	− 0.38	0.39	0.34	0.09	2.12	1.68	0.22
Sleep hour	0.01	0.04	0.08	0.60	0.12	− 0.69	0.38	0.08	0.09	2.62	1.68	0.13
Maximum	0.05	0.04	0.13	0.77	0.13	− 0.93	0.60	0.14	0.10	3.33	2.69	0.23
Minimum	0.02	0.04	0.08	0.63	0.03	− 0.28	0.35	0.44	0.06	1.74	1.53	0.27
Max–Min	0.05	0.00	0.10	0.97	0.13	− 0.65	0.44	0.15	0.08	1.59	1.99	0.43
Measures of glycemic variability (mg/dL)
MAGE	0.06	0.02	0.06	0.74	0.23	− 0.62	0.27	0.03	0.13	1.79	1.25	0.16
CONGA-1	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.76	0.13	− 0.20	0.12	0.10	0.08	0.65	0.52	0.22
CONGA-2	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.82	0.15	− 0.28	0.14	0.06	0.08	0.82	0.66	0.23
CONGA-4	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.59	0.15	− 0.30	0.15	0.06	0.09	0.96	0.69	0.18
MODD	0.07	0.03	0.02	0.24	0.08	− 0.15	0.11	0.18	0.10	0.74	0.47	0.13

This table presents findings from regression analysis adjusted for trial involvement (categorical) with dependent variable set as glycemia measurements, glucose concentrations, or measures of glycemic variability and prediction variable as nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, or the NO:MPO ratio. Data represented as R-square (r²), β estimate (β), standard error (SE), and p value (p) with bolded entries corresponding to significant values (p < 0.05)
Max–Min, maximum–minimum; MAGE, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; CONGA-1, -2, -4, continuous overall net glycemic action of 1, 2, and 4 h; MODD, mean of daily differences; NO:MPO ratio, nitric oxide to myeloperoxidase ratio