Interference with sex expression, estimation of yield and bioactive compounds in bitter gourd under PGRs-induced conditions

Islam, Md. Rafikul; Siddiquee, Shafiquzzaman; Rahman, Md. Mofizur; Muhammad, Noor; Uddain, Jasim; Sarkar, Md. Dulal

doi:10.1186/s42269-023-01033-w

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 5 Biochemical composition in bitter gourd fruits under different growth regulators conditions at various stages

From: Interference with sex expression, estimation of yield and bioactive compounds in bitter gourd under PGRs-induced conditions

Growth regulators	Application stage	Reducing sugar	Non-reducing sugar	Total carotenoid	Total phenol	Protein content	Ascorbic acid	TSS (%)
PGR₀	S₁	1.64 ± 0.03^e	3.71 ± 0.02^a	2.54 ± 0.02^a	9.55 ± 0.21^a	1.33 ± 0.02^fg	106.50 ± 2.36^a	4.73 ± 0.16^a
	S₂	1.73 ± 0.04^de	3.69 ± 0.04^a	2.52 ± 0.04^a	9.45 ± 0.18^a	1.23 ± 0.01^g	104.68 ± 0.24^a	4.75 ± 0.10^a
	S₃	1.78 ± 0.01^cd	3.78 ± 0.05^a	2.58 ± 0.02^a	9.55 ± 0.21^a	1.28 ± 0.01^g	102.50 ± 2.47^a	4.88 ± 0.05^a
PGR₁	S₁	1.90 ± 0.04^ab	3.85 ± 0.06^a	2.66 ± 0.02^a	9.58 ± 0.18^a	1.48 ± 0.01^cde	109.75 ± 0.85^a	4.88 ± 0.08^a
	S₂	1.78 ± 0.01^cd	3.80 ± 0.06^a	2.62 ± 0.02^a	10.13 ± 0.30^a	1.36 ± 0.04^efg	105.00 ± 1.22^a	4.90 ± 0.06^a
	S₃	1.83 ± 0.01^bcd	3.89 ± 0.01^a	2.72 ± 0.02^a	9.83 ± 0.09^a	1.43 ± 0.01^def	104.50 ± 1.66^a	4.90 ± 0.06^a
PGR₂	S₁	1.90 ± 0.04^ab	3.83 ± 0.04^a	2.68 ± 0.01^a	9.88 ± 0.08^a	1.64 ± 0.03^ab	109.00 ± 1.22^a	4.93 ± 0.02^a
	S₂	1.83 ± 0.05^bcd	3.88 ± 0.01^a	2.72 ± 0.01^a	9.90 ± 0.07^a	1.52 ± 0.01^bcd	107.00 ± 1.22^a	4.95 ± 0.03^a
	S₃	1.98 ± 0.09^a	4.03 ± 0.02^a	2.75 ± 0.03^a	9.94 ± 0.03^a	1.75 ± 0.02^a	107.50 ± 0.50^a	4.93 ± 0.05^ab
PGR₃	S₁	1.93 ± 0.05^ab	3.96 ± 0.04^a	2.73 ± 0.02^a	9.78 ± 0.09^a	1.59 ± 0.01^bc	111.25 ± 1.25^a	4.98 ± 0.05^a
	S₂	1.75 ± 0.03^cde	3.78 ± 0.01^a	2.62 ± 0.02^a	9.85 ± 0.06^a	1.45 ± 0.03^def	109.50 ± 0.96^a	4.98 ± 0.02^a
	S₃	1.85 ± 0.04^bc	3.98 ± 0.06^a	2.72 ± 0.02^a	9.94 ± 0.41^a	1.65 ± 0.06^ab	107.25 ± 1.31^a	5.10 ± 0.04^a
LSD _(0.05) CV% P value		0.12	0.12	0.06	0.55	0.08	3.46	0.21
		4.43	2.16	1.62	3.91	3.74	2.25	2.98
		0.03	0.12	0.07	0.73	0.01	0.63	0.89

Sugar content and total phenol are expressed as mg g⁻¹ fresh extract, and total carotenoids, protein content and ascorbic acid as mg 100 g⁻¹ fresh extract. Abbreviations are as follows: PGR₀: 0, PGR₁: 100 mgL⁻¹ GA₃, PGR₂: 100 mgL⁻¹ NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and PGR₃: 100 mgL⁻¹ MH (maleic hydrazide), S₁: seed soaking stage, S₂: 4-leaf stage and S₃: flower bud stage. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05). Values are mean ± SE

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