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Table 2 Effect of plant growth regulators on days to flowering, number of male and female flowers (plant−1) and their sex ratio at various stages

From: Interference with sex expression, estimation of yield and bioactive compounds in bitter gourd under PGRs-induced conditions

Growth regulators

Application stage

Days to first flowering

Number of male flowers

Number of female flowers

Male–Female flower ratio

 

S1

43.75 ± 0.48a

55.25 ± 1.18a

19.50 ± 0.20h

2.83 ± 0.04a

PGR0

S2

42.25 ± 0.85a

56.75 ± 1.03a

21.32 ± 0.27fg

2.67 ± 0.06a

 

S3

42.75 ± 0.63a

56.25 ± 1.25a

20.83 ± 0.50g

2.70 ± 0.08a

 

S1

39.75 ± 0.85a

61.00 ± 1.08a

22.60 ± 0.36e

2.70 ± 0.04a

PGR1

S2

39.25 ± 0.48a

61.75 ± 1.18a

24.40 ± 0.24d

2.53 ± 0.05a

 

S3

39.25 ± 0.48a

62.25 ± 1.10a

24.75 ± 0.25cd

2.52 ± 0.04a

 

S1

40.00 ± 0.41a

59.50 ± 1.04a

22.27 ± 0.50ef

2.68 ± 0.08a

PGR2

S2

39.50 ± 0.65a

62.00 ± 1.41a

25.50 ± 0.29bc

2.43 ± 0.07a

 

S3

39.75 ± 0.48a

61.75 ± 0.85a

24.00 ± 0.35d

2.58 ± 0.06a

 

S1

38.75 ± 0.63a

60.00 ± 1.78a

23.75 ± 0.32d

2.53 ± 0.11a

PGR3

S2

38.50 ± 0.65a

61.00 ± 1.58a

27.83 ± 0.25a

2.19 ± 0.08a

 

S3

40.00 ± 0.41a

58.25 ± 2.06a

26.25 ± 0.43b

2.22 ± 0.06a

LSD (0.05)

 

1.78

2.48

1.02

0.15

CV%

 

3.07

2.89

3.01

4.15

P value

 

0.63

0.31

0.02

0.32

  1. PGR0: 0, PGR1: 100 mgL−1 GA3, PGR2: 100 mgL−1 NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and PGR3: 100 mgL−1 MH (maleic hydrazide), S1: seed soaking stage, S2: 4-leaf stage and S3: flower bud stage. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05). Values are mean ± SE