Table 2 Resistance phenotypes of multi-drug resistant pathogens identified in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia
Disease | Organism | Resistance phenotypes | Â |
|---|---|---|---|
Human | Â | ||
Sepsis | Streptococcus pneumoniae | MDR | Tadesse et al. (2017) |
Moore et al. (2019) | |||
Obakiro et al. (2021) | |||
S. aureus | MRSA | Tadesse et al. (2017) | |
Manyahi et al. (2022) | |||
Klebsiella spp. | 3GC, MDR | Tadesse et al. (2017) | |
Escherichia coli | 3GC, MDR | Obakiro et al. (2021) | |
| Â | Enterobacterales | MDR | Tompkins et al. (2021) |
Hospital acquired infections | Klebsiella pneumoniae | 3GC, MDR | Fraser et al. (2020) |
Acinetobacter baumannii | 3GC, MDR | Ayobami et al. (2019) | |
Enterococcus cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae E.coli | MDR | Mutua et al. (2022) Manyahi et al. (2020) | |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 3GC, MDR | Â | |
| Â | Enterobacterales | ESBL producing | Fraser et al. (2020) |
| Â | Staphylococcus aureus | Methicillin-resistant | Manyahi et al. (2022) |
| Â | Clostridium difficile | MDR | Mutai et al. (2021) |
Meningitis | Haemophilus influenzae | AMP | Â |
Urinary tract infections | E. coli | 3GC, MDR | Kiiru et al. (2022) |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 3GC, MDR | Kiiru et al. (2022) | |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 3GC, MDR | Fraser et al. (2022) | |
Blood stream infections | Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonas aeruginosa | MDR | Lord et al. (2021) |
Diarrhoea | Campylobacter jejuni and Shigella spp | MDR | Zachariah et al. (2021) |
Pigs | Escherichia coli | ESBL and quinolone resistant | Kabali et al. (2021) |
Cattle | Campylobacter | MDR | Kashoma et al. (2015) |
Escherichia coli | Â | Mainda et al. (2015) | |
Goat | Escherichia coli | MDR | Mwanyika et al., (2016) |
Poultry | Escherichia coli | MDR | Shawa et al. (2022) |
Campylobacter | MDR | Chege (2022) | |
Fish | Escherichia coli | ESBL | Baniga et al. (2020) |
Rodents, wild birds, flies | Escherichia coli | MDR | Hickman et al. (2022) |
Environment | Enterobacteriaceae | MDR | Omulo et al. (2021) |