Table 4 Expressions linking PR (Atsu et al. 2021; Bansal et al. 2021; Shrivastava et al. 2021)

Performance ratio (PR)

\(\begin{aligned} {\text{PR}} & = \frac{{{\text{PV}}_{{{\text{outspecific}}}} }}{{{\text{GTI}}}} = \frac{{Y_{{\text{f}}} }}{{Y_{{\text{r}}} }} \\ & = {{\left( {\frac{{E_{{{\text{out}}}} }}{{P_{o} }}} \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( {\frac{{E_{{{\text{out}}}} }}{{P_{o} }}} \right)} {\left( {\frac{{H_{{\text{i}}} }}{{G_{{{\text{i}},{\text{ref}}}} }}} \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {\frac{{H_{{\text{i}}} }}{{G_{{{\text{i}},{\text{ref}}}} }}} \right)}} \\ \end{aligned}\)

(1)

Dimensionless

Final PV system yield (Y_f)

\(Y_{{\text{f}}} = \frac{{E_{{{\text{out}}}} }}{{P_{o} }}\)

(2)

(kWh/kWp’)

Reference yield (Y_r)

\(Y_{{\text{r}}} = \frac{{H_{{\text{i}}} }}{{G_{{\text{i}}} }}\)

(3)

(kWh/kWp)