Table 1 Distribution of patients in the study group in terms of characteristics
Total (n = 72) | Bone marrow fibrosis grade | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
0 (n = 15) | 1–4 (n = 55) | p | ||
Age (n = 72) | 62.43 ± 13.41 | 63.87 ± 14.28 | 62.11 ± 13.45 | 0.659 |
< 60 | 28 (38.89%) | 5 (33.33%) | 22 (40.00%) | 0.864 |
≥ 60 | 44 (61.11%) | 10 (66.67%) | 33 (60.00%) | |
Sex (n = 72) | ||||
Male | 39 (54.17%) | 7 (46.67%) | 32 (58.18%) | 0.615 |
Female | 33 (45.83%) | 8 (53.33%) | 23 (41.82%) | |
Concomitant malignancy (n = 72) | 2 (2.78%) | 1 (6.67%) | 1 (1.82%) | 0.385 |
Comorbidity (n = 72) | 46 (63.89%) | 12 (80.00%) | 34 (61.82%) | 0.313 |
Diabetes mellitus | 7 (9.72%) | 1 (6.67%) | 6 (10.91%) | 1.000 |
Hypertension | 23 (31.94%) | 5 (33.33%) | 18 (32.73%) | 1.000 |
Heart disease | 10 (13.89%) | 3 (20.00%) | 7 (12.73%) | 0.437 |
Kidney disease | 9 (12.50%) | 2 (13.33%) | 7 (12.73%) | 1.000 |
Pulmonary disease | 7 (9.72%) | 1 (6.67%) | 6 (10.91%) | 1.000 |
Thyroid disease | 4 (5.56%) | 1 (6.67%) | 3 (5.45%) | 1.000 |
Others | 17 (23.61%) | 6 (40.00%) | 11 (20.00%) | 0.171 |
Type (n = 72) | ||||
IgG kappa | 27 (37.50%) | 6 (40.00%) | 20 (36.36%) | 0.343 |
IgG lambda | 16 (22.22%) | 2 (13.33%) | 13 (23.64%) | |
IgA kappa | 7 (9.72%) | 1 (6.67%) | 6 (10.91%) | |
IgA lambda | 8 (11.11%) | 1 (6.67%) | 7 (12.73%) | |
Light chain kappa | 9 (12.50%) | 2 (13.33%) | 7 (12.73%) | |
Light chain lambda | 5 (6.94%) | 3 (20.00%) | 2 (3.64%) | |
Stage (n = 66) | ||||
Silent | 2 (3.03%) | 1 (7.69%) | 1 (1.96%) | 0.079 |
Stage I (A) | 11 (16.67%) | 5 (38.46%) | 6 (11.76%) | |
Stage II (A/B) | 6 (9.09%) | 1 (7.69%) | 5 (9.80%) | |
Stage III (A/B) | 47 (71.21%) | 6 (46.15%) | 39 (76.47%) | |
Haemoglobin (n = 71) | 10.32 ± 2.23 | 10.06 ± 2.44 | 10.40 ± 2.16 | 0.604 |
Lytic lesion (n = 52) | 33 (63.46%) | 4 (40.00%) | 28 (70.00%) | 0.138 |
Plasmacytoma (n = 70) | 22 (31.43%) | 6 (42.86%) | 16 (29.63%) | 0.356 |
Calcium (n = 49) | 9.29 (8.02–14.42) | 9.30 (8.02–11.02) | 9.30 (8.18–14.42) | 0.533 |
Hypercalcemia (n = 68) | 9 (13.24%) | 1 (7.69%) | 8 (15.09%) | 0.675 |
High creatinine (> 2) (n = 71) | 18 (25.35%) | 2 (13.33%) | 16 (29.63%) | 0.321 |
LDH (n = 62) | 201 (63–541) | 211.5 (137–350) | 201 (63–541) | 0.737 |
Genetic mutation (n = 28) | 6 (21.43%) | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (27.27%) | 0.555 |
del 17p (n = 28) | 3 (10.71%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (13.64%) | 1.000 |
t (4;14) (n = 27) | 1 (3.70%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (4.76%) | 1.000 |
t (14;16) (n = 25) | 1 (4.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (5.00%) | 1.000 |
t (14;20) (n = 14) | 1 (7.14%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (10.00%) | 1.000 |
Treatment (n = 72) | 68 (94.44%) | 14 (93.33%) | 52 (94.55%) | 1.000 |
Treatment (first-line) (n = 68) | ||||
VAD | 28 (41.18%) | 4 (28.57%) | 22 (42.31%) | 0.410 |
VCD | 16 (23.53%) | 2 (14.29%) | 14 (26.92%) | |
VAD + VCD | 2 (2.94%) | 1 (7.14%) | 1 (1.92%) | |
VD | 8 (11.76%) | 3 (21.43%) | 5 (9.62%) | |
Others | 14 (20.59%) | 4 (28.57%) | 10 (19.23%) | |
Treatment response (first-line) (n = 58) | ||||
PD | 7 (12.07%) | 1 (7.69%) | 6 (13.95%) | 0.932 |
SD | 3 (5.17%) | 1 (7.69%) | 2 (4.65%) | |
PR | 15 (25.86%) | 3 (23.08%) | 10 (23.26%) | |
VGPR | 11 (18.97%) | 2 (15.38%) | 9 (20.93%) | |
CR | 22 (37.93%) | 6 (46.15%) | 16 (37.21%) | |
Progression after treatment (first-line) (n = 59) | 53 (89.83%) | 12 (85.71%) | 40 (90.91%) | 0.624 |
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) (n = 71) | 35 (49.30%) | 6 (40.00%) | 27 (50.00%) | 0.694 |
ASCT response (n = 28) | ||||
SD | 1 (3.57%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.552 |
PR | 1 (3.57%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (5.00%) | |
VGPR | 8 (28.57%) | 1 (16.67%) | 7 (35.00%) | |
CR | 18 (64.29%) | 5 (83.33%) | 12 (60.00%) | |
Progression after ASCT (n = 32) | 30 (93.75%) | 6 (100.00%) | 23 (92.00%) | 1.000 |
Number of treatment lines (n = 72) | ||||
0 | 4 (5.56%) | 1 (6.67%) | 3 (5.45%) | 0.370 |
1 | 18 (25.0%) | 6 (40.00%) | 12 (21.82%) | |
2 | 25 (34.72%) | 5 (33.33%) | 20 (36.36%) | |
3 | 15 (20.83%) | 1 (6.67%) | 13 (23.64%) | |
4 | 5 (6.94%) | 2 (13.33%) | 3 (5.45%) | |
5 | 5 (6.94%) | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (7.27%) | |
Response after last-line therapy (n = 55) | ||||
Relapse after CR | 3 (5.45%) | 1 (7.69%) | 2 (5.00%) | 0.365 |
PD | 17 (30.91%) | 3 (23.08%) | 13 (32.50%) | |
SD | 2 (3.64%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (5.00%) | |
PR | 6 (10.91%) | 3 (23.08%) | 3 (7.50%) | |
VGPR | 7 (12.73%) | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (15.00%) | |
CR | 20 (36.36%) | 6 (46.15%) | 14 (35.00%) | |
Follow-up time (months) (n = 72) | 31 (2–125) | 27 (4–113) | 31 (2–125) | 0.864 |
One-year survival | 58 (80.56%) | 14 (93.33%) | 42 (76.36%) | 0.273 |
Two-year survival | 46 (63.89%) | 11 (73.33%) | 34 (61.82%) | 0.602 |
Three-year survival | 33 (45.83%) | 6 (40.00%) | 26 (47.27%) | 0.835 |
Four-year survival | 23 (31.94%) | 4 (26.67%) | 18 (32.73%) | 0.761 |
Five-year survival | 13 (18.06%) | 3 (20.00%) | 10 (18.18%) | 1.000 |
Final status (n = 72) | ||||
Alive | 47 (65.28%) | 11 (73.33%) | 36 (65.45%) | 0.771 |
Exitus | 24 (33.33%) | 4 (26.67%) | 18 (32.73%) | |
Died during follow-up | 1 (1.39%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (1.82%) | |