Aberrant in physicochemical properties, functional health and medicinal grades of honeys from different sales outlets in Southwest Nigeria

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 4 Categorization of the honeys based on the values obtained from physicochemical properties, functional health and medicinal grades

		Physicochemical parameter evaluation				Treatments		Blood glucose level		Wound healing
Honey Sample (n = 15)	Values compared to CAC/IHC	Moisture content No (%)	Ash content No (%)	Electrical Conductivity No (%)	HMF No (%)	Honey sample (n = 8)	Numb. of mice treated	Compared to FBGL	After 12 h No (%)	Closure of wound size	After 8 days No (%)
HB	High^A	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	HB	n = 16	Fall below^P	15 (94%)	Closed up^P	14 (93.8%)
	Low^F	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	6 (40)			Rise above^F	1 (6.25%)	Little close up^A	1 (6.25%)
	Standard^P	15 (100)	15 (100)	15 (100)	9 (60)			Same level^A	0 (0%)	No improvement^F	0 (0%)
HS	High^A	2 (13.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	HS	n = 16	Fall below^P	5 (31.3%)	Closed up^P	7 (43.8%)
	Low^F	3 (20)	7 (46.67)	3 (20)	4 (26.6)			Rise above^F	11 (69%)	Little close up^A	4 (25.0%)
	Standard^P	10 (66.67)	8 (53.3)	12 (80)	11 (73.3)			Same level^A	0 (0%)	No improvement^F	4 (25.0%)
HL	High^A	3 (20)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	HL	n = 16	Fall below^P	4 (25.0%)	Closed up^P	5 (31.3%)
	Low^F	4 (26.6)	2 (13.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)			Rise above^F	12 (75%)	Little close up^A	4 (25.0%)
	Standard^P	8 (53.3)	13 (86.67)	15 (100)	15 (100)			Same level^A	1 (6.25%)	No improvement^F	6 (37.5%)

Honey samples	% Original (P)	% Adulterated (A)	% Fake (F)
HB	91.3	8.7	0
HS	58.06	6.39	34.55
HL	66.05	8.54	25.4

Values under parameters with superscript F were considered too extreme and classified as fake, and values under parameters with superscript A were considered moderate and classified as adulterated, while values under parameters with superscript P were considered standard and as original/pure
Original honeys are pure, and adulterated honeys are made poor in quality by addition of some inferior substances, while fake honeys are not genuine
HB (selected honey samples from beekeepers); HS (selected honey samples from supermarkets); and HL (selected honey samples from local honey parkers