High parasitaemia correlates with malaria episodes and the socioeconomic impact of recurrent malaria infection in high-transmission zone of Nigeria

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 2 Prevalence of malaria infection and logistic regression analysis of socioeconomic and environmental factors of individuals

Variables	N	Infection rate	Adjusted odd ratio (95% CI)	p Value
Toilet facilities
Water system	73	24 (32.8)	1.00
Cesspit	85	35 (41.2)	1.809 (1.359–1.954)	0.057
No toilet	414	265(64.0)	2.411 (0.997–3.602)	0.031
p Value		0.002
Bush around habitation
No	128	48 (37.5)	1.00
Yes	444	276 (62.2)	2.501 (2.033–3.714)	0.001
p Value		0.001
Source of drinking water
Portable water	233	145 (62.2)	1.1021 (1.009–1.610)	0.205
Others (river and well)	339	179 (52.8)	1.00
p Value		0.103
Distance of dumpsite to habitation
≥ 50 m	267	117 (43.8)	1.00
≤ 50 m	305	207 (67.9)	2.718 (1 .661–3.118)	0.034
p Value		0.021
Monthly income
≥ N18000	86	35 (40.7)	1.00
≤ N18000	168	82 (48.8)	1.081 (1.001–1.104)	0.741
No income	318	207(65.1)	1.948 (0.945–2.512)	0.029
p Value		0.017
Education status
Illiterate	234	143(61.1)	1.920 (1.470–2.149)	0.092
Primary school	114	67 (58.8)	1.055 (1.181–2.107)	0.121
Postprimary school	224	114(50.8)	1.00
p Value		0.113
Knowledge about infection
Yes	266	126(47.4)	1.00
No	306	198 (64.7)	2.133 (1.610–2.611)	0.009
p Value		0.038