Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 4 The effect of tyrosinase on Culex pipiens third-instar larvae

From: Pupation inhibition and larvicidal activity of tyrosinase on Culex pipiens third-instar larvae

	Mean percentages ± SEs
	Control			Tyrosinase concentrations %
Interval (hours)	Pupation (%)	Emergence	Dead larvae	20			40			60			80
				P	E	D L	P	E	D L	P	E	DL	P	E	DL
6	6 ± 4a	0	0	4 ± 4a	0	0	2 ± 2a	0	0	2 ± 2a	0	0	0	0	0
12	40 ± 6.3b	0	0	6 ± 4a	0	0	2 ± 2a	0	0	4 ± 2a	0	0	4 ± 2.4ab	0	4 ± 2
24	86 ± 2.4c	0	0	16 ± 4a	0	2 ± 2	2 ± 2a	0	0	8 ± 4ab	0	6 ± 4	8 ± 4.8abc	0	6 ± 4
48	100d	0	0	22 ± 8a	10 ± 0b	2 ± 2	8 ± 3.7ab	0	4 ± 4	16 ± 5ab	0	6 ± 4	12 ± 2.4bc	0	6 ± 4
72	–	100	0	24 ± 9a	22 ± 5.8c	2 ± 2	8 ± 3.7ab	0	12 ± 2	16 ± 5ab	0	22 ± 8	12 ± 2.4bc	0	18 ± 3
96	–	–	–	1.8	14.6	2 ± 2	14 ± 4b	0	12 ± 2	22 ± 8b	0	22 ± 8	14 ± 2c	0	18 ± 3
F	166.6	–	–	Ns	< 0.001	–	2.5	–	–	2.5	–	–	4.3	–	–
p-value	< 0.001	–					0.05	–	–	0.06	–	–	0.006	–	–

SE Standard error of mean values. Values with different letters (a, b, c, d) are significantly different (p < 0.05) within hours for each concentration (based on the nonoverlapping confidence limits). Ns: nonsignificant. R = 5, N = 10, ƩN = 50; P pupation. E emergence. DL dead larvae

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