Skip to main content

Table 3 Nutritional (dry weight basis) and physical properties of Moringa oleifera supplemented cookies

From: Effect of partial substitution of wheat flour with Moringa oleifera leaf powder on physical, nutritional, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of cookies

 

C0

C1

C2

C3

Protein (%)

10.56 ± 0.15c

12.20 ± 0.09b

12.49 ± 0.20b

15.30 ± 0.18a

Ash (%)

3.12 ± 0.18c

3.28 ± 0.08c

4.20 ± 0.05b

7.98 ± 0.06a

Fat (%)

14.21 ± 0.30c

14.92 ± 0.18b

15.10 ± 0.10b

15.50 ± 0.10a

Fibre (%)

2.50 ± 0.05b

2.42 ± 0.03b

2.45 ± 0.09b

2.67 ± 0.03a

Moisture (%)

7.75 ± 0.26a

7.92 ± 0.10a

7.93 ± 0.28a

7.42 ± 0.08b

CHO (%)

61.86 ± 0.36a

59.27 ± 0.31b

57.83 ± 0.20b

51.14 ± 0.16c

Energy value (KJ/100 g)

417.58 ± 1.95b

420.12 ± 0.70a

417.17 ± 0.96b

405.26 ± 1.02c

Thickness (cm)

0.90 ± 0.03a

0.86 ± 0.05a

0.75 ± 0.03b

0.75 ± 0.02b

Diameter (cm)

4.98 ± 0.10b

5.35 ± 0.24c

5.68 ± 0.19a

5.35 ± 0.06b

Spread ratio

5.50 ± 0.20c

6.21 ± 0.20b

7.55 ± 0.57a

7.08 ± 0.46a

  1. Values were presented as Mean ± SD
  2. Values with different letter across the same row are significantly different (p < 0.05)
  3. C0 = cookies made with 100% wheat flour; C1 = cookies made with 97.5% wheat plus 2.5% Moringa oleifera flour; C2 = cookies made with 95% wheat plus 5% Moringa oleifera flour; C3 = cookies made with 90% wheat plus 10% Moringa oleifera flour; CHO, carbohydrate (nitrogen free extract)