Table 3 The type of experiments performed on rats or humans, in vivo or in vitro, is related to the way how the implant surface was modified, according to the methods presented in the table
From: Modification of implant surfaces to stimulate mesenchymal cell activation
Type of article Modification | In vitro (No-%) | In vivo (No-%) | Total (No-%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Protein recombinant | 5–14% | 3–8% | 8–22% |
Laser | 2–5% | 0–0% | 2–5% |
Ions: Zn, Co, Sr, Mg, Li | 5–14% | 2–5% | 7–19% |
Titanium nanotubes | 5–14% | 0–0% | 5–14% |
Different substances | 9–25% | 4–11% | 13–36% |
Ultrasound | 0–0% | 1–3% | 1–3% |
Total | 26–72% | 10–28% | 36–100% |