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Table 4 Classification of geo-accumulation index

From: Effect of urbanization on heavy metal contamination: a study on major townships of Kannur District in Kerala, India

Geo-accumulation index

Igeo class

Pollution intensity

 > 5

6

Very strongly polluted

 > 4–5

5

Strong to very strongly polluted

 > 3–4

4

Strongly polluted

 > 2–3

3

Moderately to strongly polluted

 > 1–2

2

Moderately polluted

 > 0–1

1

Unpolluted to moderate polluted

 < 0

0

Practically unpolluted

  1. Asa et al. (2013) and Vineethkumar et al. (2020)