Table 7 Hepatoprotective activity of Costus speciosus against hepatotoxins (Verma and Khosa, 2009; AlSaadi et al. 2018)
Solvent used for extraction | Part of Costus speciosus used for extraction | Experimental/model animal | Hepatotoxin used | Histopathological analysis (Hepatocytes) | Biochemical analysis (Serum hepatic biomarkers) | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Damages caused by hepatotoxin | Recovery through Costus speciosus extract | Changes in the level of serum hepatic biomarkers | ||||||
Due to hepatotoxin | When Costus speciosus extract is given | |||||||
Ethanol | Rhizome | Wistar Albino Rats | CCl4 | Necrosis, Fatty lobules accumulation around central vein, inflammatory collections | Liver architecture almost normal, significant reduction of inflammatory cellular infiltrations (when 500 mg/kg of ethanolic used) | SGPT ↑ SGOT↑ ALP↑ Serum Bilirubin↑ Liver Damage | SGPT ↓ SGOT ↓ ALP ↓ Serum Bilirubin↓ Recovery of liver | Verma and Khosa (2009) |
Methanol | Rhizome | Adult Albino Mice | Paracetamol | Congestion of liver cells, necrosis, apoptosis | Significant improvement in liver architecture, no necrosis or inflammation (when 200 mg/kg was used) | AST ↑ ALP ↑ ALT ↑ TNF-α ↑ | AST ↓ ALP ↓ ALT ↓ TNF-α ↓ | AlSaadi et al. (2018) |