A review of the ethnomedicinal, antimicrobial, and phytochemical properties of Musa paradisiaca (plantain)

Ajijolakewu, Kamoldeen Abiodun; Ayoola, Abiodun Saheed; Agbabiaka, Tariq Oluwakunmi; Zakariyah, Folashade Rahmat; Ahmed, Nike Risikat; Oyedele, Olusegun Julius; Sani, Alhasan

doi:10.1186/s42269-021-00549-3

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 1 Selected reports of antimicrobial applications of different plantain parts

From: A review of the ethnomedicinal, antimicrobial, and phytochemical properties of Musa paradisiaca (plantain)

Plant part	Extract	Test isolates	Assay technique	MIC/MBC/MFC/EC₅₀	References
Peel and fruit	Ethanolic, methanolic	Escherichia coli, E. coli ATCC 35218, Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhi ATCC 22648, Salmonella typhi ATCC 23456, Shigella dysentriae ATCC 24162, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 34089, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332	Agar well diffusion	100–300 mg/mL	Asoso et al. (2016)
Peel powder	Aqueous	Aspergillus niger	Agar well diffusion	Not determined	Prakash et al. (2017)
Flowers	Ethanolic and mixed ethanolic and aqueous (1:1)	Candida albidus MTCC-2661, C. albicans MTCC-183, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-9027, B. subtilis MTCC-121, B. cereus MTCC-430, S. typhimurium MTCC-98. E. coli MTCC-443, Streptococcus pneumoniae MTCC-2672, Proteus mirabilis MTCC-1429	Microdilution	6.49–31.58 µg/mL	Jawla et al. (2012)
Peel	Aqueous	S. aureus, S. pyogenes, Enterococcus aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, Moraxella catarrhalis, Candida albicans	Agar well diffusion	Not determined	Chabuck et al. (2013)
Peel	Alcoholic	Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans	Broth dilution	31.25 µg/mL	Kapadia et al. (2015)
Leaf	Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic	E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Citrobacter sp.	Agar well diffusion	MIC: 15.63–250 µg/mL; MBC: 31.25–250 µg/mL	Karuppiah and Mustaffa (2013)
Peels	Dichloromethane and methanol (1:1)	E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, C. tropicalis and A. niger	Aqueous	55–85 µL	Karadi et al. (2011)
Peel and stalk	Methanolic and ethanolic	A. niger, A. oryzae, and Rhizopus stolonifer	Poisoned plate technique	0.125–0.5 mg/mL	Okorondu et al. (2012)
Pseudostem exudates	Methanolic and aqueous	S. aureus, E. coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, P. aeruginosa hepatitis A virus (HAV-10), and herpes simplex virus (HSV-1)	Agar well diffusion	25–200 µL/mL	Abdel Ghany et al. (2019)
Peel	Gold nanoparticles	E. faecalis MTCC 35550	Polystyrene plating	100 µg/mL	Vijayakumar et al. (2017)
Bract	Silver nanoparticles	Xanthomonas campestris, Clavibacter michiganensis, P. syringae, Burkholderia glumae, Alternaria alternata, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Botrytis cinerea	Disc diffusion	Not determined	Maruthai et al. (2018)
Leaf	Methanolic, hexane/chloroform (50:50), ethylacetate/methanol (50:50), ethylacetate/methanol (90:10)	Leishmania chagasi (amastigotes and promastigotes)	3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay	1.70–915.2 µg/mL	Accioly et al. (2012)
Peel	Ethanolic	Leishmania infantum chagasi (promastigotes and amastigotes)	(MTT) assay	10.38–532.8 µg/mL	Silva et al. (2014)

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