Growth and yield performances of rice (Oryza sativa var. nerica) after exposure to biosynthesized nanoparticles

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 3 The effects of nanoparticles on growth parameters of rice plants exposed to nanoparticles and sown in ferruginous (F) and non-ferruginous (N) soils at 12 weeks after sowing (8 weeks after nano-intervention)

Treatment	Plant height (cm)			Leave length (cm)			No. of leaves			Leaf width (cm)
Treatment	F	N	p value	F	N	p value	F	N	p value	F	N	p value
AZ5%	33.65	30.94	0.318	38.96	42.2	0.033	21	17	0.313	1.4	1.4	0.933
CA5%	37.92	34.93	0.137	23.98	55.7	< 0.001	8	14	< 0.001	0.8	1.5	< 0.001
ZO5%	71.86	31.94	< 0.001	35.96	62.8	< 0.001	15	11	0.138	1.1	1.2	0.632
VA5%	23.95	40.92	0.025	13.99	53	< 0.001	8	25	< 0.001	0.6	1.1	0.125
MO5%	55.89	50.9	0.552	31.97	72.5	< 0.001	10	26	< 0.001	1.2	0.7	0.092
AZ15%	38.92	44.91	< 0.001	42.96	55.9	0.031	9	12	0.522	1.3	1.1	0.144
CA15%	37.92	47.21	< 0.001	37.96	63.5	< 0.001	13	22	< 0.001	0.7	1.3	< 0.001
ZO15%	69.86	49.9	< 0.001	42.96	55	0.003	21	19	0.723	1.3	1.4	0.042
VA15%	23.95	53.89	< 0.001	20.98	53.5	< 0.001	7	25	< 0.001	0.5	0.6	0.152
MO15%	55.89	37.92	< 0.001	28.97	68.8	< 0.001	11	11	0.912	1.1	0.7	0.318
AZ30%	47.9	58.88	0.053	35.96	75	< 0.001	14	11	< 0.001	1.3	1.2	0.627
CA30%	19.96	47.6	0.032	12.99	55.5	< 0.001	6	17	< 0.001	0.4	0.6	0.061
ZO30%	41.92	46.91	< 0.001	34.97	53.8	< 0.001	10	24	< 0.001	1.1	1.5	0.139
VA30%	48.9	47.9	0.792	16.98	65	< 0.001	9	16	< 0.001	0.5	1.2	< 0.001
MO30%	46.41	51.4	0.418	30.97	57.5	< 0.001	13	12	0.772	1.1	1.2	0.639
Control	48.9	39.92	< 0.001	28.13	49.8	< 0.001	10	8	0.742	1.3	1.4	0.735

CA Carica papaya, VA Vernonia amygdalina, MO Moringa oleiofera, AZ Azadiracta indica ZO Hibiscus sabdariffa