Table 2 Effect of emamectin benzoate (EMB) sublethal concentrations on various biological characteristics of Spodoptera littoralis

Larvae period

86

15.41 ± 0.07^a

80

16.98 ± 0.08^b

70

16.86 ± 0.07^b

2

233

280.16

0.00

Pre-pupae weight

84

344.62 ± 6.43^a

76

305.13 ± 6.14^b

70

294.85 ± 6.28^b

2

227

915.89

0.00

Pupae weight

84

324.17 ± 6.46^a

74

273.08 ± 6.29^b

60

266.40 ± 4.15^b

2

215

4365.92

0.00

Pupae period

84

10.16 ± 0.13^a

74

9.24 ± 0.11^b

60

9.23 ± 0.09^b

2

215

43.42

0.00

Mean longevity of males (days)

36

37.79 ± 0.18^a

38

39.05 ± 0.36^b

32

38.88 ± 0.36^c

2

103

9.03

0.00

Mean longevity of females (days)

48

38.5 ± 0.25^a

36

40.11 ± 0.35^b

28

39.99 ± 0.33^b

2

109

20.70

0.00

(APOP)

48

1.67 ± 0.14^a

36

2.22 ± 0.15^b

28

3.07 ± 0.4^c

2

109

20.78

0.00

(TPOP)

48

30.04 ± 0.14^a

36

31.44 ± 0.26^b

28

32.21 ± 0.37^b

2

109

45.12

0.00

Ovi-days

48

5.17 ± 0.37 ^a

36

4.67 ± 0.28 ^a

28

3.57 ± 0.23 ^b

2

109

64.31

0.00