Table 3 Cumulative inhibition/activation of poly-dHbS-M by fractionated leaf extracts of A. occidentale, P. guajava, and T. catappa

A. occidentale

Petroleum ether

15.12 ± 2.08^a (100)

14.54 ± 2.57^a,b (3.8)

13.09 ± 8.32^c,d (13.4)

13.51 ± 6.53^a,b,c (10.7)

n-hexane

22.21 ± 1.48^a,b (100)

23.29 ± 10.33^a (4.9)↑

21.97 ± 11.34^a,b,c (1.1)

20.17 ± 9.61^c,d (9.2)

Chloroform

22. 36 ± 2.02^c (100)

30.54 ± 16.59^a (36.6)↑

26.71 ± 7.09^a,b (19.5)↑

19.44 ± 7.17^d (13.1)

Ethylacetate

22.21 ± 1.48^a,b (100)

9.02 ± 5.54^d (59.4)

13.33 ± 4.39^c (40.0)

23.18 ± 14.34^a (4.4)↑

Residual aqueous

16.65 ± 2.00^d (100)

31.65 ± 9.00^c (90.1)↑

93.78 ± 6.35^a (463.2)‡

52.12 ± 19.87^b (213.0)‡

Petroleum ether

22.36 ± 2.02^d (100)

34.53 ± 14.00^a (54.4)↑

32.83 ± 12.82^a,b(46.8)↑

31.62 ± 16.78^a,b,c (41.4)↑

n-hexane

15.12 ± 2.08^a (100)

9.69 ± 4.00^b,c (35.9)

10.99 ± 3.10^b (27.3)

8.98 ± 2.24^b,c,d (40.6)

Chloroform

15.12 ± 2.08^a (100)

13.56 ± 1.45^b,c (10.3)

13.05 ± 9.63^b,c,d (13.7)

13.77 ± 2.94^b (8.9)

Ethylacetate

15.12 ± 2.08^b (100)

9.86 ± 3.69^c,d (34.8)

16.74 ± 10.00^a (10.7)↑

10.99 ± 3.14^c (27.3)

Residual aqueous

16.65 ± 2.00^c (100)

16.49 ± 3.26^c,d (1.0)

19.09 ± 3.95^b (14.7)↑

23.87 ± 1.35^a (43.4)↑

Petroleum ether

12.53 ± 2.11^c,d (100)

16.36 ± 5.88^a,b (30.6)↑

16.51 ± 5.07^a (31.8)↑

13.32 ± 3.25^c (6.3)↑

n-hexane

13.85 ± 5.93^a,b (100)

13.40 ± 5.29^a,b,c (3.3)

13.00 ± 6.80^a,b,c,d (6.1)

14.03 ± 1.09^a (1.3)↑

Chloroform

13.85 ± 5.92^a,b (100)

14.37 ± 2.02^a (3.8)↑

13.53 ± 2.00^a,b,c (2.3)

12.81 ± 1.98^,c,d (7.5)

Ethylacetate

13.85 ± 5.92^a,b (100)

14.52 ± 1.32^a (4.8)↑

12.18 ± 3.48^c (12.1)

7.78 ± 2.12^d (43.8)

Residual aqueous

16.65 ± 2.00^b,c (100)

21.05 ± 1.08^a (26.4)↑

17.68 ± 6.75^b (6.2)↑

16.61 ± 5.00^b,c,d (0.2)