Table 1 Toxicity of tested commercial insecticides against the 2nd instar larvae of Tuta absoluta using leaf dipping technique
Trade name | Common name | Mode of action | LC90 |
|---|---|---|---|
Chemical insecticides | (mg/L) | ||
Emperor (0.5% EC) | Emamectin benzoate | Chloride channel activators (group no. 6) | 1.66 (1.06–3.87) |
Coragen (20% SC) | Chlorantraniliprole | Ryanodine receptor modulators (group no. 28) | 1.82 (1.49–2.40) |
Radiant (12% SC) | Spinetoram | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric activators. Nerve action (group no. 5) | 4.84 (3.64–6.54) |
Natural formulated compounds | (%) | ||
Rosa (5% EW)* | Rosmarinus officinalis | UN compounds of unknown or uncertain MoA | 0.417 (0.29–0.67) |
Nimbecidine (3.5% EC) | Azadirachtin | UN compounds of unknown or uncertain MoA | 0.571 (0.43–0.92) |