Table 2 Physicochemical parameter of soil within each designated subplot in the forest

pH

W1.5m

4.4

0.3

− 4.348

0.003*

− 1.41

− 0.42

Out1.5 m

5.4

0.4

Electric conduct (μs/cm)

W1.5m

324.8

40.4

1.185

0.270

− 22.13

68.93

Out1.5 m

301.4

17.9

Total organic carbon (%)

W1.5m

0.8

0.3

3.164

0.013*

0.11

0.69

Out1.5 m

0.4

0.1

Total nitrogen (%)

W1.5m

0.3

0.1

2.753

0.025*

0.02

0.18

Out1.5 m

0.2

0.0

Potassium (meq/100 g soil)

W1.5m

1.1

0.2

− 1.715

0.125

− 0.83

0.12

Out1.5 m

1.4

0.4

Calcium (meq/100 g soil)

W1.5m

15.2

2.7

− 1.010

0.342

− 6.84

2.67

Out1.5 m

17.3

3.7

Magnessium (meq/100 g soil)

W1.5m

18.2

6.2

1.645

0.139

− 1.94

11.62

Out1.5 m

13.4

2.3

Soluble phosphorus (mg/kg)

W1.5m

187.6

27.9

2.689

0.028*

5.11

66.61

Out1.5 m

151.7

10.6

Sulphate (mg/kg)

W1.5m

18.6

4.7

1.687

0.130

− 1.34

8.68

Out1.5 m

14.9

1.2