Table 4 Application of nanomaterials for water and wastewater treatment
From: The state of the art of nanomaterials and its applications in energy saving
Materials | Mechanism(s) | Remarks and future perspectives | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Functionalized carbon–graphene–nanotubes | Adsorption | the removal efficiency enhanced | Xu et al. (2018) |
Metal oxide-based nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials | Adsorption | Carbon-based nanomaterials have shown favorable performances for heavy metals and dyes removal due to their unique properties, e.g., high surface area, porosity, no toxicity, abundance, stable structure, high sorption capacities, and ease of preparation. They have higher sorption ability in relation to commercial activated carbon (AC) | Sadegh et al. (2017) |
Modified chitosan | Adsorption (metals ions, dyes etc.) | Chitosan modified by cross-linking or composite and grafting. Functionalization is significant to treat different pollutants | Kyzas et al. (2015) |
Metal oxide-based nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials | Adsorption (arsenic) | Stabilized Fe–Mn, Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) recorded highest efficiency for arsenic adsorption (372 mg pollutants/g ENMs), at pH = 3 | Habuda-Stanić and Nujić (2015) |
Carbonaceous nanomaterials/metal and metal oxides/magnetic-core composite nano/microparticles | Adsorption/degradation | Nanotechnology demonstrate a promising substitute to the traditional methods for polluted waters and wastewaters treatments Nanotechnology can be especially favorable for the removal of emerging environmental contaminants. The cost using nanotechnology can be comparable for water and wastewater treatment to that of traditional methods | Adeleye et al. (2016) |