Fig. 17From: The state of the art of nanomaterials and its applications in energy savingSchematics of seawater desalination pilot plant and cross-flow RO membrane cell for biofouling test (T1: feed water tank; T2: RO feed tank; T3: permeate tank; T4: concentrate tank; CF1, CF2: 5-mm cartridge filter; P1: pump; P2: high-pressure pump; P: pressure meter; F: flow rate meter; S: scale; V1, V2: ball valve; and V3: pressure release valve)Back to article page