Study | Participants and demographics | Sample size | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome/measures |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author/date Galdiz et al. (2020) Design and duration 12-month RCT Country Spain | Population clinically stable patients diagnosed with moderate or severe COPD Age 18–75 years (average 63 years) Gender male and females Groups 2 (IG & CG) | Total 94 participants IG 46 CG 48 | PR programme (8-weeks ± 4 days)  Both groups (CG & IG) received a hospital out-patient PR programme 3x/7 with the session lasting approximately 2 h  30 min of arm weight lifting (1/2 kg and progressing) and 30 min bicycle ergometry, chest physiotherapy as indicated educational sessions targeted at the patients and family members or caregivers about self-management strategies, diet and diseases pathology) TR programme (12-months)  Provision of a TR kit consisting of mobile phone, pulse oximeter, dumbells and bicycle ergometer. Communication is via a web-based platform with therapists monitoring vital signs and PA activity levels being input by patients  Access to a system technician  Individualised action plan with exercises similar to the PR programme and based on patient capacity |  Usual care following clinical practice at the participating hospitals  Patients were advised to at least 1 h per day | Exercise capacity  6MWT QoL  CAT  CRQ |
Author/date Vasilopoulou et al. (2017) Design and duration 12-month RCT Country Greece | Population clinically stable patients with moderate to severe COPD attending the out-patient clinic Age average age 67 Gender male and female Groups 3 | Total 150 IG 47 CG 50 UC 50 | PR Programme (2 months)  All groups (IG, CG & UC) received went through  Supervised exercise training 3/7 days  Cycling using the bicycle ergometer, resistance training for the upper and lower limbs, dietary advice, self-management techniques IG-TR Programme (12 months)  Lenovo tablet, a wireless device measuring lung function (spirometry), pedometer, a video demonstrating exercises are installed on the tablet  Tablet also has breathing techniques and educational leaflets on COPD, anxiety and depression  Participants record vital signs on the web platform via the tab  Upper and lower limb exercises, walking drills with exercises based on patient capacity  The patients have access to a call centre (pulmonologist) in case of severe complications | CG—Hospital-based maintenance rehabilitation programme (12-months)  Aerobic and resistance exercise 2/7 days similar to that of the PR programme. Consisted of 96 sessions performed UC  Based on usual practice in Greece Optimal pharmacotherapy according to the GOLD guideline, vaccination, oxygen therapy | Exercise capacity  6MWT QoL  SGRQ  CAT  mMRC |
Author/date Jimenez-Reguera et al. (2020) Design and duration 12—RCT Country Spain | Population clinically stable COPD patients with GOLD classification II, III, IV Age 55–85 years Gender male and female Groups 2 | Total 44 IG 20 CG 24 | Initial PR programme (8-weeks)  Based on the Spanish society of pulmonology and thoracic surgery, hospital protocols  Muscle training, respiratory physiotherapy, education relevant to COPD TR programme (10-months)  Mobile phone with web-based app (HappyAir) with two main parts educational part about COPD then data collection about PA and the condition  App reminds participants to record medication intake, exercise duration, warning signs  Patients were advised to perform physical activity and breathing exercises daily | CG (10-months)  Patients are advised to engage in PA and breathing exercises | Exercise capacity  6MWT QoL  CAT  SQRQ  Euro-5D |
Author/time Wootton et al. (2018) Design and duration 12—RCT Country Sydney, Australia | Population clinically stable COPD patients with GOLD classification II, III, IV Age 55–85 years Gender male and female Groups 2 | Total 95 participants IG 49 CG 46 | Subjects participated in a PR programme before randomisation IG & CG Supervised exercise training (2 months) Supervised walking training with usual medical care IG-TR programme (12 months)  Motivation sessions and health coaching with the site coordinator prior to start of the intervention  Telephone contacts with physiotherapist with structured questions and advice about overall health, diets, exercises and self-management strategies and PA goals for the next 2–4 weeks before the next session  Encouraged to engage in PA at 3/7  Patients are asked to record their step counts and exercise duration in a diary | CG—12 months Unsupervised walking exercise 3/7 days | Exercise capacity  6MWT  ISWT  ESWT QoL  SGRQ  CRQ |