Table 5 Bi-variable and multi-variable analysis for determinants of HIV viral non-suppression among HIV-positive children and adolescents on ART in Tabora region, from January 2018 to April 2022 (N = 378)
Variable | CHR (95%CI) p-value | AHR (95%CI) p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Male | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 0.61 (0.44, 0.91) | 0.008 | 0.86 (0.57, 1.30) | 0.460 |
Age at initiation of ART (years) | ||||
Less than 1 | 1 | |||
1–4 | 1.50 (0.69, 3.29) | 0.310 | ||
5–9 | 0.81 (0.36, 1.82) | 0.610 | ||
10–14 | 0.58 (0.24, 1.41) | 0.230 | ||
15–19 | 0.41 (0.12, 1.40) | 0.156 | ||
Education level | ||||
Nil | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 0.41 (0.22, 0.75) | 0.004 | 0.52 (0.26, 1.04) | 0.065 |
Secondary | 0.18 (0.07, 0.45) | < 0.001 | 0.28 (0.07, 1.03) | 0.056 |
College/university | 0.72 (0.38, 1.34) | 0.299 | 0.61 (0.31, 1.23) | 0.167 |
TB-status | ||||
Yes | 1 | |||
No | 1.72 (0.87, 3.40) | 0.190 | ||
Current regimen line | ||||
First-line | 1 | 1 | ||
Second-line | 4.83 (2.10, 10.94) | < 0.001 | 6.11 (2.50, 14.96) | < 0.001* |
Starting ART regimen | ||||
DTG-based | 1 | |||
EFV-based | 1.80 (1.02, 3.32) | 0.043 | 2.08 (1.03, 4.18) | 0.040 |
LPV/r-based | 2.72 (1.65, 4.35) | < 0.001 | 2.21 (1.13, 4.32) | 0.021* |
NVP-based | 2.41 (1.39, 4.15) | 0.002 | 2.64 (1.32, 5.26) | 0.006* |
ART adherence level at ART initiation | ||||
Poor | 3.12 (2.15, 4.41) | < 0.001* | 3.31 (2.16, 4.91) | 0.001* |
Good | 1 | 1 | ||
WHO clinical stage at ART initiation | ||||
I | 1 | |||
II | 1.01 (0.64, 1.71) | 0.860 | ||
III | 1.32 (0.83, 2.02) | 0.247 | ||
IV | 1.42 (0.54, 3.58) | 0.492 | ||
Disclosure of HIV status | ||||
Yes | 1 | |||
No | 1.32 (0.76,2.36) | 0.311 | ||
Partial | 0.61 (0.35, 1.14) | 0.128 | ||
Duration on ART | ||||
< 2 years | 1 | |||
≥ 2 years | 1.12 (0.74, 1.63) | 0.632 | ||
CD4 count /% at ART initiation | ||||
High | 1 | |||
Low | 1.85 (1.35, 2.53) | < 0.001* | 1.66 (1.20, 2.30) | 0.002* |
Missing | 1.96 (1.55, 2.48) | < 0.001* | 2.01 (1.59, 2.54) | < 0.001* |