Table 4 Virological suppression among HIV-positive children and adolescents on ART in Tabora region, from January 2018 to April 2022 (N = 378)
Variable | Total (N) | Non-suppressed n (%) | Rate of non-suppression (per 100) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-suppression | 378 | 124 (32.8) | 1.36 (1.14,1.63) | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 193 | 74 (38.3) | 1.71 (1.36, 2.16) | 0.007 |
Female | 185 | 50 (27.0) | 1.12 (0.80, 1.42) | |
Age at initiation of ART (years) | ||||
Less than 1 | 19 | 7 (4.76) | 1.47 (0.70, 3.08) | |
1–4 | 124 | 58 (26.3) | 2.20 (1.70, 2.85) | |
5–9 | 126 | 35 (30.4) | 1.51 (0.83, 1.60) | < 0.001 |
10–14 | 77 | 16 (19.2) | 0.83 (0.50, 1.36) | |
15–19 | 32 | 4 (5.91) | 0.68 (0.25, 1.80) | |
Education level | ||||
None | 21 | 13 (61.9) | 2.93 (1.70, 5.03) | |
Primary | 210 | 63 (30.0) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.51) | < 0.001 |
Secondary | 53 | 8 (15.1) | 0.52 (0.25, 1.10) | |
Diploma and above | 94 | 40 (42.6) | 2.33 (1.66, 3.09) | |
Districts | ||||
Igunga | 111 | 32 (28.8) | 1.33 (0.94, 1.87) | |
Tabora municipal | 67 | 21 (35.8) | 1.17 (0.77, 1.80) | |
Nzega | 58 | 18 (31.0) | 1.24 (0.78, 1.98) | 0.952 |
Kaliua | 54 | 18 (33.3) | 1.59 (1.00, 2.52) | |
Urambo | 49 | 17 (36.9) | 1.62 (1.01, 2.60) | |
Sikonge | 41 | 14 (36.6) | 1.69 (1.00, 2.85) | |
CD4 count/% at ART initiation | ||||
High | 205 | 149 (27.2) | 3.71 (3.23, 4.25) | < 0.001 |
Low | 48 | 24 (51.0) | 5.57 (4.21, 7.38) | |
Missing | 122 | 44 (35.2) | 5.39 (4.51, 6.44) | |
WHO stage at ART initiation | ||||
I | 121 | 34 (28.1) | 1.32 (0.92, 1.82) | |
II | 105 | 33 (31.4) | 1.21 (0.86, 1.73) | |
III | 139 | 51 (36.7) | 1.60 (1.21, 2.09) | 0.178 |
IV | 13 | 6 (46.2) | 1.41 (0.59, 3.41) | |
Active TB status | ||||
No | 356 | 115 (32.3) | 2.84 (1.47, 5.44) | 0.065 |
Yes | 22 | 9 (40.9) | 1.42 (1.10, 1.60) | |
Regimen line | ||||
First-line | 371 | 118 (31.8) | 1.31 (1.11, 1.60) | < 0.001 |
Second-line | 7 | 6 (85.7) | 6.32 (2.84,14.06) | |
Starting ART regimen | ||||
DTG-based | 140 | 26 (18.6) | 0.80 (0.53, 1.16) | |
EFV-based | 57 | 20 (35.1) | 1.18 (0.76, 1.84) | < 0.001 |
LPV/r-based | 118 | 50 (42.4) | 2.12 (1.60, 2.82) | |
NVP-based | 63 | 28 (32.8) | 1.61 (1.09, 2.32) | |
Time on ARVs (years) | ||||
< 2 years | 154 | 40 (26.0) | 1.70 (1.22, 2.33) | |
≥ 2 years | 224 | 84 (37.5) | 1.31 (1.04, 1.60) | 0.722 |
Disclosure of HIV status | ||||
Yes | 43 | 15 (34.9) | 1.51 (.088, 2.43) | |
No | 147 | 64 (45.5) | 2.01 (1.56, 2.58) | 0.001 |
Partial | 188 | 45 (23.9) | 0.92 (0.69, 1.24) | |
ART adherence level at ART initiation | ||||
Good | 267 | 62 (65.4) | 0.92 (0.71, 1.18) | |
Poor | 111 | 63 (21.3) | 2.82 (2.19, 3.63) | < 0.001 |
Prevention treatment with Isoniazid (IPT) | ||||
Yes | 227 | 74 (33.1) | 1.44 (1.10, 1.75) | 0.888 |
No | 151 | 50(32.8) | 1.32 (0.99, 1.74) | |