Characterization and insecticidal activity of two natural formulation types against the scale insect (Parlatoria ziziphi) and their biochemical effects on Citrus aurantium

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 4 Insect females of Parlatoria ziziphi affected by application of two formulation types based on the plant essential oils in citrus orchards

Treatments	Concentration	Formulation type	Live individuals				Grand mean	Reduction%
			Pre spraying	After spraying (Days)
			Pre spraying	7	14	21
Laury	3%	EC emulsions	1040.3	10.93	22.13	67.2	62e^a	94.15a
Laury	5%		1020.93	12.93	15.74	44.27	24.31e	97.66a
Artemisia	3%		1017.67	16.73	59.73	85.67	54.04e	94.79a
Artemisia	5%		1019.93	14.67	28.13	54.8	32.53e	96.87a
Active Cable	1%		1025	17.8	24.53	108.1	50.14e	95.2a
Laury	3%	Nanoemulsion	1043.65	782.80	704.46	633.84	707.03b	33.61b
Laury	5%		1056.71	739.67	665.29	598.82	667.93bc	38b
Artemisia	3%		984.78	985.89	492.39	458.17	645.48 cd	35.71b
Artemisia	5%		944.66	897.42	472.33	439.18	602.98d	37.39b
Control			1026	1036	1043	1059	1046a	––
LSD_0.05^b			NS^c				46.26	5.62

^aMeans coupled by the same letter in a column do not differ significantly at 5% level of probability (Duncan test)
^bLeast significant difference at 0.05 level of probability
^cNon-significant difference at 0.05 level of probability