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Table 2 Protective effect of coconut water on kidney biomarkers of carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in male (A) and female (B) rats

From: Protective effects of coconut water against the intraperitoneal infused carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity—evaluations of biochemical, haematological and histopathological profiles in rats

Parameters

Control

CCl4 only

Coconut water (mL/kg)

2 mL/kg

4 mL/kg

6 mL/kg

A

     

Urea (mg/dl)

25.47 ± 1.36a

27.13 ± 0.85b

23.10 ± 0.62a

24.77 ± 0.91a

22.50 ± 1.48c

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.58 ± 0.05a

0.68 ± 0.02b

0.54 ± 0.03a

0.51 ± 0.02a

0.53 ± 0.06a

Na + (mEq/L)

130.00 ± 1.48a

120.57 ± 0.87b

133.43 ± 1.56a

134.67 ± 5.31a

147.83 ± 0.99c

Cl- (mEq/L)

89.45 ± 1.28a

85.67 ± 0.75a

87.66 ± 0.39a

88.80 ± 0.70a

96.54 ± 4.71b

K+ (mEq/L)

4.82 ± 0.08b

4.12 ± 0.18a

4.50 ± 0.22c

4.61 ± 0.13c

5.27 ± 0.40a

HCO3 (mEq/L)

23.53 ± 0.67b

29.50 ± 1.01a

25.83 ± 0.85b

26.13 ± 0.64c

25.23 ± 0.40b

B

     

Urea (mg/dl)

25.24 ± 0.83a

23.77 ± 1.26b

23.70 ± 0.28b

24.78 ± 0.35a

25.42 ± 0.30a

Creatinine(mg/dl)

0.47 ± 0.03a

0.66 ± 0.04b

0.58 ± 0.03c

0.61 ± 0.02c

0.60 ± 0.05c

Na+ (mEq/L)

126.87 ± 1.68a

118.10 ± 2.41b

139.37 ± 0.75c

144.27 ± 1.97c

146.30 ± 1.05c

Cl (mEq/L)

94.90 ± 0.46a

92.20 ± 1.71a

97.30 ± 0.90b

97.77 ± 1.21b

101.43 ± 1.86c

K+ (mEq/L)

4.43 ± 0.32a

4.10 ± 0.10b

4.80 ± 0.10c

5.27 ± 0.08d

5.15 ± 0.15d

HCO3 (mEq/L)

24.50 ± 0.26a

28.80 ± 0.70b

25.63 ± 1.40a

24.40 ± 1.31a

23.70 ± 1.10a

  1. Na + , sodium ion; Cl, chloride ion; K + , potassium ion; and HCO3, bicarbonate. Values in the row bearing the same letters of the alphabet are not statistically significant (p > 0.05) from one another. The data were analysed with one-way ANOVA and expressed as mean ± SD, then compared to controls, n = 6. Different letters (a, b or c) p < 0.05 both male and female rats show significant difference between the tested groups (2, 4 and 6 mL/kg) compared to the negative control