Table 1 Patient characteristics, unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the likelihood of death

Age

 < 30 years

13%, 59/455

56, 16.3%

3, 2.7%

Reference

Reference

 30–59 years

45.5%, 207/455

172, 50.1%

35, 31.3%

3.80 (1.13–12.83);0.032

2.5 (0.71–8.82); 0.153

 ≥ 60 years

41.5%, 189/455

115, 33.5%

74, 66.1%

12.01 (3.63–39.79); <0.001

7.15 (1.99–25.63); 0.003

Nationality

 Omani

89.9%, 409/455

308, 89.9%

101, 90.2%

1.04 (0.511–2.130); 0.907

N/A

 Non-Omani

10.1%, 46/455

35, 76.1%

11, 9.8%

Reference

N/A

Gender

 Male

65.9%, 300/455

233, 65%

77, 68.8%

1.18 (0.75–1.87); 0.469

1.52 (0.89–2.61); 0.129

 Female

34.1%, 155/455

120, 77.4%

35, 31.3%

Reference

Reference

Symptoms

 Fever

69%, 314/455

234, 68.2%

80, 71.4%

1.17 (0.73–1.86); 0.524

1.17 (0.68–2.01); 0.583

 Dyspnea

65.5%, 298/455

208, 60.6%

90, 80.4%

2.66 (1.59–4.44); < 0.001

2.83 (1.5–5.33); 0.001

 Cough

62.2%, 314/455

90, 60.9%

74, 66.1%

1.25 (0.80–1.95); 0.331

0.89 (0.51–1.52); 0.66

 GI Symptoms

23.5%, 107/455

86, 25.1%

21, 18.8%

0.69 (0.40–1.18); 0.172

0.94 (0.51–1.73); 0.84

 Bodyache

16.3%, 74/455

54, 15.7%

20, 17.9%

1.16 (0.66–2.05); 0.599

1.11 (0.55–2.22); 0.772

 Fatigue

11.4%, 52/455

40, 11.7%

12, 10.7%

0.91 (0.46–1.80); 0.784

1.07 (0.47–2.45); 0.877

 Sore throat

5.5%, 25/455

21, 6.1%

4, 3.6%

0.57 (0.19–1.69); 0.310

1.2 (0.36–4.06); 0.768

 Dizziness

5.1%, 23/455

17, 5.0%

6, 5.4%

1.09 (0.42–2.82); 0.867

1.36 (0.46–4.02); 0.576

 Headache

3.5%, 16/455

14, 4.1%

2, 1.8%

0.43 (0.01–1.91); 0.266

0.44 (0.09–2.21); 0.317

 Ageusia

1.5%, 7/455

7, 2.0%

0

0.199 (0.011–3.52); 0.271

0; 0.999

 Inosmia

1.3%, 6/455

6, 1.7%

0

0.23 (0.013–4.13); 0.319

0; 0.999

 Runny nose

0.7%, 3/455

3, 0.9%

0

0.43 (0.02–8.44); 0.580

0; 0.999

Comorbidities

 HTN

43.7%, 199/455

135, 39.4%

64, 57.1%

2.05 (1.33–3.17); 0.001

0.88 (0.5–1.56); 0.673

 DM

46.6%, 212/455

151, 44%

61, 54.5%

1.52 (0.99–2.33); 0.055

1.13 (0.68–1.87); 0.649

 DLP

16.3%, 74/455

45, 13.1%

29, 25.9%

2.31 (1.37–3.92); 0.002

1.93 (1.02–3.66); 0.044

 Respiratory

6.4%, 29/455

19, 5.5%

10, 8.9%

1.67 (0.75–3.71); 0.207

1.66 (0.66–4.17); 0.284

 Cardiac

18.9%, 86/455

57, 16.6%

29, 25.9%

1.75 (1.05–2.92); 0.031

0.822 (0.43–1.56); 0.547

 Hematological

3.1%, 14/455

11, 3.2%

3, 2.7%

0.83 (0.23–3.03); 0.779

1.577 (0.36–6.78); 0.549

 Neurological

9.0%, 41/455

31, 9.0%

10, 8.9%

0.99 (0.47–2.08); 0.99

0.531 (0.204–1.38); 0.194

 Bed ridden

5.7%, 26/455

10, 2.9%

16, 14.3%

5.55 (2.44–12.63); < 0.001

5.01 (1.73–14.44); 0.003

 Renal prob

7.0%, 32/455

19, 5.5%

13, 11.6%

2.24 (1.07–4.70); 0.033

1.84 (0.78–4.37); 0.167

 Malignancy

1.8%, 8/455

4, 1.2%

4, 3.6%

3.14 (0.77–12.76)

1.99 (0.42–9.32); 0.385

Bacterial growth

 Growth

32%, 47/147

9, 11%

38, 58.5%

11.42 (4.88–26.71); < 0.001

N/A

 No growth

68%, 100/147

73, 89%

27, 41.5%

Reference

N/A

Duration form onset to admission

 ≤ 5 days

57.7%, 128/222

92, 54.8%

36, 66.7%

Reference

N/A

 ≥ 6 days

42.3%, 94/222

76, 45.2%

18, 33.3%

0.61 (0.32–1.15); 0.125

N/A

G6PD

 Deficiency

26.1, 18/69

16, 30.8%

2, 11.8%

0.3 (0.06–1.47); 0.137

N/A

 Normal activity

73.9, 51/69

36, 69.2%

15, 88.2%

Reference

N/A

Hospital stay

Mean (SD): 7.32 (10.54), IQ (2–9)

 ≤ 6 days

275 (60.4%)

 ≥ 6 days

180 (39.5%)

Intubated patients

85)18.7%)