Table 1 Materials, specifications, composition, manufacturer and batch numbers

Fuji II, GC Gold Label 2

Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (CGIC)

Powder (10 g): Acid soluble "calciumfluoroalumino-silicate glass"

Liquid 7 g (5.6 ml): Poly acrylic acid (40%), Tartaric acid (5–15%), Maleic acid, Itaconic acid and distilled water.

GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

Powder: 1603011

Liquid: 1603021

Nano-HA-CGIC

Experimental GIC

GGIC incorporated with 5% nano-HAp in the powder component

Fuji II, LC, improved, GC

Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC)

Powder (15 g): same composition of chemically cured GIC powder "100% of "calciumfluoroalumino-silicate glass"

Liquid 8 g (6.8 ml): polyacrylic acid (20–22%),2 HEMA* (35–40%),2,2,4 TEGDMA**, (4–6%), TMHMDC*** (5–7%),Camphorquinone (10%) and distilled water

GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

Powder: 1601051

Liquid: 1601061

Nano-HA-RMGIC

Experimental RMGIC

RMGIC incorporated with 5% nano-HAp in the powder component

Ketac™ Conditioner

Dentin conditioner (pretreatment)

Liquid (l0ml): Polyacrylic acid (10%)

3 M ESPE, Deutschland, German

668400

EQUIA® Coat

Light-cure self adhesive coat

Liquid (6 ml): 50% MMA****, 0.09% camphorqunione

GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

104251

Hydroyapatite nanoparticles (NHA)

Additive reinforcing powder

Ca₅(OH)(PO₄)₃

National Research Centre (NRC)

–