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Table 9 Damage assessment of cowpea seeds treated with agro waste extracts

From: Phytochemical compositions and insecticidal efficacy of four agro-waste used as biological control of cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) [Coleoptera: Bruchidae]

Treatment

Conc. (ml)

Total no of seeds

Mean no of damaged seeds

Mean % seed damaged

% Weight loss

*Bettle perforation index (BPI)

Rice husk

0.1

172.76

6.00 ± 1.16a

3.53 ± 0.68a

3.53 ± 0.68a

5.72 ± 1.11a

Groundnut pod

170.00

6.67 ± 1.45a

3.92 ± 0.85a

3.92 ± 0.86a

6.34 ± 1.38b

Cowpea pod

170.67

4.67 ± 0.33a

4.12 ± 0.68a

2.75 ± 0.20a

6.66 ± 1.10b

Maize cob

169.00

7.00 ± 1.16a

4.12 ± 0.68a

4.12 ± 0.68a

6.66 ± 1.10b

Rice husk

0.2

166.67

4.67 ± 0.67a

2.94 ± 0.34a

2.75 ± 0.40a

4.76 ± 0.55a

Groundnut pod

172.67

5.00 ± 1.16a

3.14 ± 1.09a

2.93 ± 0.68a

5.08 ± 1.76b

Cowpea pod

172.00

4.00 ± 0.58a

3.14 ± 0.85a

2.35 ± 0.35a

5.09 ± 1.38b

Maize cob

167.33

6.00 ± 0.58a

3.53 ± 0.34a

3.53 ± 0.33a

5.72 ± 0.55b

Rice husk

0.3

167.67

4.00 ± 0.58a

2.55 ± 0.39a

2.35 ± 0.35a

4.13 ± 0.63a

Groundnut pod

167.67

3.67 ± 1.86a

2.16 ± 1.09a

2.16 ± 1.09a

3.49 ± 1.77a

Cowpea pod

165.67

3.33 ± 0.67a

2.75 ± 1.04a

1.50 ± 0.25ab

4.45 ± 1.68a

Maize cob

171.00

4.67 ± 1.45a

2.75 ± 0.85a

2.75 ± 0.84a

4.45 ± 1.38a

Rice husk

0.4

174.67

2.33 ± 0.33a

1.77 ± 0.34a

1.38 ± 0.18a

2.86 ± 0.55a

Groundnut pod

168.33

3.00 ± 1.53a

1.76 ± 0.90a

3.10 ± 1.45ab

2.85 ± 1.45a

Cowpea pod

171.00

1.67 ± 0.33a

2.16 ± 1.29a

1.00 ± 2.00a

3.50 ± 2.08a

Maize cob

170.67

3.00 ± 1.53a

1.96 ± 0.71a

1.18 ± 0.33a

3.17 ± 1.14a

Rice husk

0.5

165.67

1.00 ± 0.58a

0.79 ± 0.39a

0.60 ± 0.35a

1.27 ± 0.64a

Groundnut pod

172.33

1.33 ± 0.88a

0.79 ± 0.52a

0.12 ± 0.04ab

1.28 ± 0.84a

Cowpea pod

174.67

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

Maize cob

170.00

1.33 ± 0.67a

0.79 ± 0.39a

0.13 ± 0.03ab

1.27 ± 0.64a

Control

0.00

169.5

105.00 ± 0.00b

61.77 ± 0.00b

61.75 ± 0.00b

≥ 50.00 ± 0.00c

  1. Mean followed by the same letters within the same column are not significantly different (p > 0.05)
  2. *Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) value lower than 50 is an indication of positive protectant