Skip to main content

Table 5 Damage assessment of cowpea seeds treated with agro waste powders

From: Phytochemical compositions and insecticidal efficacy of four agro-waste used as biological control of cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) [Coleoptera: Bruchidae]

Agro wastes

Conc. (g)

Mean total no of seeds

Mean no of damaged seeds

Mean % seed damaged

% Weight loss

*(BPI)

Rice husk

0.1

170.67

11.00 ± 2.08a

6.45 ± 1.23b

5.50 ± 1.04b

9.13 ± 1.74ab

Groundnut pod

165.67

8.33 ± 4.37a

5.09 ± 2.78ab

4.17 ± 2.19ab

7.21 ± 1.90a

Cowpea pod

167.33

5.33 ± 1.45a

2.79 ± 1.00a

3.20 ± 0.88ab

3.95 ± 1.42a

Maize cob

169.33

13.67 ± 13.67a

7.95 ± 1.94b

1.20 ± 0.35a

11.2 ± 0.26b

Rice husk

0.2

170.00

7.67 ± 1.45b

4.51 ± 0.86b

4.67 ± 1.48b

6.40 ± 1.22b

Groundnut pod

171.00

4.00 ± 2.08b

2.34 ± 1.22b

2.00 ± 1.04ab

3.32 ± 1.72ab

Cowpea pod

167.67

4.33 ± 0.67b

2.57 ± 0.35b

2.55 ± 0.35ab

3.64 ± 0.50ab

Maize cob

167.67

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

Rice husk

0.3

170.67

4.67 ± 0.88b

2.73 ± 0.51b

2.33 ± 0.44b

3.87 ± 072b

Groundnut pod

174.67

2.33 ± 1.86ab

1.28 ± 0.99ab

1.17 ± 0.93ab

1.81 ± 0.40ab

Cowpea pod

167.67

3.00 ± 0.00ab

1.79 ± 0.04b

1.78 ± 0.33b

2.53 ± 0.05ab

Maize cob

172.67

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

Rice husk

0.4

172.33

1.33 ± 0.67ab

0.79 ± 0.39ab

0.67 ± 0.33a

1.11 ± 0.56ab

Groundnut pod

172.33

0.67 ± 0.67a

0.41 ± 0.41a

0.33 ± 0.33a

0.58 ± 0.58a

Cowpea pod

164.33

2.67 ± 0.33b

1.62 ± 0.19b

1.62 ± 0.19b

2.29 ± 0.27b

Maize cob

168.33

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

Rice husk

0.5

171.00

0.67 ± 0.67a

0.39 ± 0.39a

0.33 ± 0.33a

0.56 ± 0.56ab

Groundnut pod

169.67

0.33 ± 0.33a

0.20 ± 0.20a

0.17 ± 0.17a

0.29 ± 0.29a

Cowpea pod

168.33

2.00 ± 0.58b

1.19 ± 0.35b

1.20 ± 0.35b

1.69 ± 0.50b

Maize cob

167.67

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

0.00 ± 0.00a

Control

0.00

169.67

120.00 ± 0.00c

70.59 ± 0.00c

60.00 ± 0.00c

 ≥ 50.00 ± 0.00c

  1. Mean followed by the same letters within the same column are not significantly different (p > 0.05)
  2. *Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) value lower than 50 is an indication of a positive protectant effect