Sample
|
OG
|
P0
|
P1
|
P2
|
P3
|
---|
Flavonoid (mg/g)
|
8.22 ± 0.87a
|
4.37 ± 0.54c
|
3.75 ± 0.93c
|
7.50 ± 0.93b
|
6.72b ± 0.71
|
Tannin (mg/g)
|
0.13 ± 0.02d
|
2.47 ± 0.55c
|
2.55 ± 0.01c
|
2.78 ± 0.80b
|
2.86 ± 0.01a
|
Phenol (mg/g)
|
23.19 ± 1.07e
|
45.80 ± 0.65a
|
29.63 ± 1.50c
|
38.96 ± 0.59b
|
26.63 ± 1.80d
|
Trypsin conc. (mg/g)
|
0.66 ± 0.01d
|
3.08 ± 0.02a
|
3.02 ± 0.02b
|
3.04 ± 0.03b
|
1.58 ± 0.01c
|
Saponin (%)
|
30.46 ± 0.12a
|
2.66 ± 0.02e
|
10.10 ± 0.02d
|
18.85 ± 0.05c
|
24.16 ± 0.03b
|
Oxalate (%)
|
4.50 ± 0.02e
|
18.99 ± 0.10c
|
18.47 ± 0.07d
|
19.39 ± 0.03b
|
19.54 ± 0.02a
|
Phytic (%)
|
27.60 ± 2.06c
|
25.68 ± 7.26c
|
30.09 ± 2.05b
|
30.07 ± 1.23b
|
39.65 ± 1.65a
|
Phytate/Ca
|
0.001c
|
0.001c
|
0.002c
|
0.004b
|
0.007a
|
Phytate/Zn
|
0.136c
|
0.221a
|
0.077e
|
0.099d
|
0.139b
|
Phytate/iron
|
2.602a
|
0.041e
|
0.051d
|
0.094c
|
0.143b
|
Phytate*Ca/Zn
|
3.957b
|
6.237a
|
1.826c
|
1.219d
|
1.191e
|
Oxalate/Ca
|
0.004e
|
0.017d
|
0.019c
|
0.039b
|
0.057a
|
- Values are mean of three determinations ± standard deviation (n = 3). Values with the different superscript within the same row are significantly different from each other (p ≤ 0.05)
- Keys: P0 = Full fat milk 30%, peanut 25%, soybean oil 15%, sugar 28%, mineral mix 2%, P1 = Orange-fleshed sweet potato 26.5%, sorghum 26.5%, full fat milk 30%, soybean oil 5%, sugar 10%, moringa leaves 2%); P2 = Soycake 15%, Orange fleshed sweet potato 26.5%, sorghum 26.5%, full fat milk 15%, soybean oil 5%, sugar 10%, moringa leaves 2%; P3 = Soycake 30%, Orange fleshed sweet potato 26.5%, sorghum 26.5%, soybean oil 5%, sugar 10%, moringa leaves 2%) and OG (100% sorghum)
- [Phy/Ca = > 0.24; Phytate/Fe = > 0.15; Phytate/Zn = > 15; Oxalate/Ca = > 1; Phy*Ca/Zn = > 200]
- *phytate: calcium > 0.24 (Morris and Ellis 1985), phytate: iron > 1 (Hallberg et al. 1989), phytate: zinc > 15 (Turnlund et al. 1984; Sandberg 1991), phytate: calcium/zinc > 200 (Davies et al. 1985; Bindra, et al. 1986; Gibson 2006)