Nutritional, antioxidant and organoleptic properties of therapeutic-complementary-food formulated from locally available food materials for severe acute malnutrition management

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 5 Anti-nutritional composition and phytate/mineral molar ratios (mol/kg) of therapeutic complementary foods

Sample	OG	P0	P1	P2	P3
Flavonoid (mg/g)	8.22 ± 0.87^a	4.37 ± 0.54^c	3.75 ± 0.93^c	7.50 ± 0.93^b	6.72^b ± 0.71
Tannin (mg/g)	0.13 ± 0.02^d	2.47 ± 0.55^c	2.55 ± 0.01^c	2.78 ± 0.80^b	2.86 ± 0.01^a
Phenol (mg/g)	23.19 ± 1.07^e	45.80 ± 0.65^a	29.63 ± 1.50^c	38.96 ± 0.59^b	26.63 ± 1.80^d
Trypsin conc. (mg/g)	0.66 ± 0.01^d	3.08 ± 0.02^a	3.02 ± 0.02^b	3.04 ± 0.03^b	1.58 ± 0.01^c
Saponin (%)	30.46 ± 0.12^a	2.66 ± 0.02^e	10.10 ± 0.02^d	18.85 ± 0.05^c	24.16 ± 0.03^b
Oxalate (%)	4.50 ± 0.02^e	18.99 ± 0.10^c	18.47 ± 0.07^d	19.39 ± 0.03^b	19.54 ± 0.02^a
Phytic (%)	27.60 ± 2.06^c	25.68 ± 7.26^c	30.09 ± 2.05^b	30.07 ± 1.23^b	39.65 ± 1.65^a
Phytate/Ca	0.001^c	0.001^c	0.002^c	0.004^b	0.007^a
Phytate/Zn	0.136^c	0.221^a	0.077^e	0.099^d	0.139^b
Phytate/iron	2.602^a	0.041^e	0.051^d	0.094^c	0.143^b
Phytate*Ca/Zn	3.957^b	6.237^a	1.826^c	1.219^d	1.191^e
Oxalate/Ca	0.004^e	0.017^d	0.019^c	0.039^b	0.057^a

Values are mean of three determinations ± standard deviation (n = 3). Values with the different superscript within the same row are significantly different from each other (p ≤ 0.05)
Keys: P0 = Full fat milk 30%, peanut 25%, soybean oil 15%, sugar 28%, mineral mix 2%, P1 = Orange-fleshed sweet potato 26.5%, sorghum 26.5%, full fat milk 30%, soybean oil 5%, sugar 10%, moringa leaves 2%); P2 = Soycake 15%, Orange fleshed sweet potato 26.5%, sorghum 26.5%, full fat milk 15%, soybean oil 5%, sugar 10%, moringa leaves 2%; P3 = Soycake 30%, Orange fleshed sweet potato 26.5%, sorghum 26.5%, soybean oil 5%, sugar 10%, moringa leaves 2%) and OG (100% sorghum)
[Phy/Ca = > 0.24; Phytate/Fe = > 0.15; Phytate/Zn = > 15; Oxalate/Ca = > 1; Phy*Ca/Zn = > 200]
*phytate: calcium > 0.24 (Morris and Ellis 1985), phytate: iron > 1 (Hallberg et al. 1989), phytate: zinc > 15 (Turnlund et al. 1984; Sandberg 1991), phytate: calcium/zinc > 200 (Davies et al. 1985; Bindra, et al. 1986; Gibson 2006)