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Table 6 Classification of degree of contamination

From: Effect of urbanization on heavy metal contamination: a study on major townships of Kannur District in Kerala, India

Cd levels

Degree of contamination

Cd < 8

Low degree of contamination

8 ≤ Cd < 16

Moderate degree of contamination

16 ≤ Cd < 32

Considerable degree of contamination

Cd ≥ 32

Very high degree of contamination indicating serious anthropogenic pollution

  1. Bramha et al. (2014) and Sivakumar et al. (2016)