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Table 10 Geo-accumulation index

From: Effect of urbanization on heavy metal contamination: a study on major townships of Kannur District in Kerala, India

Sample ID

Sampling location

Pb (ppm)

As (ppm)

Hg (ppm)

Cd (ppm)

Zn (ppm)

Fe (ppm)

S1

New Mahe Beach

− 4.15

− 2.52

0.585

− 0.17

− 3.523

− 1.568

S2

Punnol Beach

− 4.427

− 4.607

0.222

− 0.17

− 6.084

− 1.901

S3

Thalassery Harbour

− 1.354

− 0.8

3.841

0.637

− 0.344

− 0.106

S4

Thalassery Market

− 0.766

− 0.132

4.285

3.83

0.41

0.29

S5

Co-operative Hospital, Thalassery

− 1.062

− 0.015

3.923

2.354

− 0.087

0.15

S6

Dharmadam Beach

− 1.963

− 3.437

1.415

0.83

− 3.317

− 2.349

S7

Edakkad Beach

− 4.638

− 4.8

0

0.152

− 6.57

− 2.105

S8

Aadi Kadalayi Beach

− 3.113

− 4.8

0

0.415

− 4.454

− 2.393

S9

Mapila Bay Harbour

− 1.669

− 0.563

0.874

1.531

− 0.915

− 0.27

S10

Kannur New Bus Stand

− 0.779

0.127

4.369

4.02

0.562

0.467

S11

Payyambalam Beach

− 3.515

− 4.437

0.222

− 0.17

− 4.248

− 2.272

S12

Valapattanam

− 0.249

− 2.115

3.415

1.637

− 0.197

− 0.731

S13

Azhikkal Port Jetty

− 1.059

− 0.215

3.858

3.354

− 0.534

0.251

S14

Azhikkal

− 0.798

− 0.447

3.437

3.256

− 0.342

− 0.114

S15

Pazhayangadi

− 1.692

− 4.022

0.874

0.83

− 3.534

− 1.503

S16

Chootad Beach

− 4.332

− 4.607

0.415

− 0.585

− 5.05

− 2.614

S17

Thaliparamba

− 1.053

− 0.398

3.605

2.078

− 0.17

− 0.121

S18

Kuppam Bridge

− 3.301

− 2.852

2.773

1.0

− 0.66

− 0.276

S19

Perumba

− 4.608

− 0.653

1.939

0.83

− 1.15

− 0.574

S20

Payyanur Rly Road

− 1.5

− 1.164

2.841

1.637

− 1.166

− 1.025

Minimum

 

− 4.638

− 4.8

0

− 0.585

− 6.57

− 2.614

Maximum

 

− 0.249

0.127

4.369

4.02

0.562

0.467

Mean

 

− 2.301

− 2.123

2.145

1.365

− 2.069

− 0.938

Standard deviation

 

1.525

1.895

1.632

1.397

2.282

1.048