Table 1 Investigated materials, description, ingredients, and manufacturer

GC MI Paste Plus

Topical Tooth Crème with Milk Casein & Bio-available Calcium, Phosphate & Fluoride

Pure water, d-sorbitol, NaF 0.20% w/w (900 ppm F), Glycerol 10–20%, Phosphoric acid, Sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC-Na) 1–5%, Propane-1,2-diol 1–5%, Silicon dioxide, Titanium dioxide 1–5%, Xylitol, CPP-ACP, propylene glycol, Sodium saccharin, Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Melon flavor

GC America Inc., IL, USA

WHITEsmile POWER WHITENING 40% YF gel

In-Office, chemically activated teeth whitening system

40% Hydrogen peroxide (32% mixed). 3-aminopropyldiethylamine, N, N-diethyl-1,3-diaminopropane (< 1%), Flavor

WHITEsmile GmbH, Birkenau, Germany

Futurabond U

Dual-cured self-etch adhesive

Liquid 1: Camphorquinone, BHT, dimethacrylates, amine, fumed silica, acid-modified methacrylates

Liquid 2: DC catalyst, water, ethanol

VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany

X-tra fil

Bulk-fill hybrid resin composite

TEGDMA, UDMA, Bis-GMA, Inorganic filler particles: Oxide (86 wt.% / 70.1 vol.%), Glass, SiO₂

VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany