Table 4 Phytochemicals found in Costus speciosus
Part of the plant (Costus speciosus) | Phytochemical constituents | Bioactive chemical compounds | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Seeds | Spirostanyl glycoside | Dioscin | Rastogi and Mehrotra (2004a, b), Chakre (2010), Rani et al. (2012), Maji et al. (2020), Duraipandiyan et al. (2012), Mazumder and Hussain (2021) |
Steroid glycoside | β-Sitosterol-β-D-glucoside | ||
Steroidal saponins | Gracillin, Protodioscin | ||
Furostanolbisglycoside | Methyl protodioscin | ||
Phytosteroid sapogenin | Diosgenin | ||
Furostanol saponins | Costusosides | ||
Benzoquinones | α-Tocopherolquinone, 6-methyldihydrophytylplastoquinone, Dihydrophytylplastoquinone, | ||
β-sitosterol | 5α-Stigmast-9(11)-en-3β-ol | ||
Saturated fatty acids | Myristic acid, Stearic acid, Behenic acid, Palmitic acid | ||
Monounsaturated fatty acid | Oleic acid, Gadoleic acid | ||
Polyunsaturated fatty acid | Linoleic acid | ||
Leaves | Esters of palmitic acid | Lupeol Palmitates | |
Triterpene | β-Amyrin, α-Amyrinsterate | ||
Rhizomes | Monoterpenoids | Carvacrol | |
Phytosterol | Triacontanol, Sitosterol, Tetradecyl-5α-stigmast-9(11)- en-3β-ol | ||
Sesquiterpenes | Eremanthin, Costunolide | ||
Phytosteroid sapogenin | Diosgenin | ||
Allyl alcohol | Pinocarveol | ||
Sesquiterpene lactones | Reynosin, Santamarine, Arbusculin A | ||
Furostanolbisglycoside | Methyl protogracillin | ||
Monoterpene cyclic ether | Cineol | ||
Bicyclic sesquiterpenes | Cadinene | ||
Fatty acid ester | 11-methylpentadecanoate, 13-Methylpentadecanoate | ||
Phytosteroid sapogenin | Diosgenin | ||
Saturated fatty acid | Triacontanoic acid, 14 oxo-octacosanoic acid, 14 oxoheptacosanoic acid |