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Table 4 PE and PQ quantum chemical parameters

From: Experimental and computational studies on activated Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) hulls for the adsorptive removal of herbicides from aqueous solution

Properties

Pendimethalin

Paraquat dichloride

HOMO (at orbital number)

75

43

LUMO (at orbital number)

76

44

EHOMO (eV)

 − 5.306

 − 3.085

ELUMO (eV)

 − 3.280

 − 0.963

∆E (eV)

2.026

2.122

Dipole moment (Debye)

2.730

2.190

Binding energy (kal/mol)

 − 4695.753

 − 2999.686

Ionization potential (I) (eV)

5.306

3.085

Electron affinity (A) (eV)

3.280

0.963

Global hardness (η)

1.013

1.061

Global softness (б)

0.987

0.943

Absolute electronegativity (χ)

4.293

2.024

Polarizability (Л*) (A3)

78.439

27.597

Surface area (SA) (A2)

307.88

302.58

Surface volume (SV) (A3)

281.65

258.86