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Table 2 Metal composition of water samples of ten selected aquaculture ponds (mg/L)

From: Metal contamination and coexistence of metal and antibiotic resistance in Vibrio species recovered from aquaculture ponds with and without history of antibiotic usage in Southwest Nigeria

Metal

Pond 1

Pond 2

Pond 3

Pond 4

Pond 5

Pond 6

Pond 7

Pond 8

Pond 9

Pond 10

NESREA limit

Cu

0.01 ± 0.00

0.01 ± 0.02

0.01 ± 0.00

0.01 ± 0.00

0.04 ± 0.01

0.01 ± 0.00

0.01 ± 0.00

0.09 ± 0.01

0.06 ± 0.01

0.01 ± 0.00

0.001

Zn

0.19 ± 0.04

0.22 ± 0.02

0.48 ± 0.04

0.15 ± 0.01

4.58 ± 0.03

0.89 ± 0.06

2.31 ± 0.05

1.96 ± 0.01

1.07 ± 0.03

2.82 ± 0.04

0.01

Pb

0.01 ± 0.00

0.01 ± 0.00

0.01 ± 0.00

0.02 ± 0.00

0.07 ± 0.01

0.19 ± 0.02

0.26 ± 0.02

0.19 ± 0.00

0.29 ± 0.02

0.29 ± 0.02

0.01

Ni

ND

ND

ND

ND

0.47 ± 0.03

0.80 ± 0.01

0.22 ± 0.00

0.28 ± 0.03

0.17 ± 0.02

0.39 ± 0.01

0.01

Cr

0.35 ± 0.00

0.87 ± 0.03

1.36 ± 0.11

1.14 ± 0.04

1.43 ± 0.02

1.14 ± 0.05

2.11 ± 0.13

2.63 ± 0.03

2.57 ± 0.00

1.79 ± 0.03

0.001 (Cr6+)

  1. Note: Each value is a mean of three replicate samplings. Ponds 1–5: ponds with history of antibiotic usage; Ponds 6–10: ponds without history of antibiotic usage
  2. Cu copper, Zn zinc, Pb lead, Ni nickel, Cr chromium, ND Not detected, NESREA National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency