Table 2 Significant genes involved in COVID-19
S. no. | Genes | Chromosome location | Total exons | Function | Clinical significance | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) | Xp22.2 | 20 | Functional receptor for the spike glycoprotein of HCV-NL63, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2 | It is a causative (COVID-19). It is under review for the study of coronavirus biology and its involvement of ACE-2 with SARS-CoV-2 | |
2. (a) | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) | 4q27 | 4 | Cytokine produced by activated CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes | IL-2 is under review for the study of coronavirus biology, and it is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response | |
(b) | Interleukin-7 (IL-7) | 8q21.13 | 8 | In association with the disease severity of COVID-19, circulating cytokines and chemokines have been found | IL-7 is under review for the study of coronavirus biology, and it is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response | |
(c) | Interleukin-10 (IL-10) | 1q32.1 | 7 | This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and it is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway | IL-10 is under review for the study of coronavirus biology, and it is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response | |
3. | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) | 6p21.33 | 4 | This cytokine regulates a broad spectrum of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation | TNF is under review for the study of coronavirus biology, and it is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response | |
4. | Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | 6p21.1 | 9 | This growth factor induces proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and is essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis | VEGF levels are higher during SARS-CoV-2 infection. This gene is under review for the study of coronavirus biology, and it is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response |