Extruded breakfast meal from malted finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed flour: in-vivo nutritional qualities study

Owheruo, Joseph Oghenewogaga; Oluwajuyitan, Timilehin David; Ifesan, Beatrice Olawunmi; Bolade, Matthew Kolawole

doi:10.1186/s42269-021-00533-x

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 4 Hematological and biochemical parameters of rat fed with malted finger millet-watermelon seed extruded breakfast meal

From: Extruded breakfast meal from malted finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed flour: in-vivo nutritional qualities study

Parameters	Basal	Goldenmorn	MFMWM90	MFMWM86	MFMWM82	MFMWM78	MFMWM75	NR*
PCV%	18.00 ± 0.03^g	46.00 ± 0.30^a	31.00 ± 0.07^e	19.00 ± 0.04^f	33.00 ± 0.03^d	36.00 ± 0.06^c	43.00 ± 0.06^b	37.6–50.6
Hb (g/dl)	6.00. ± 0.02^e	12.10 ± 0.05^a	7.00 ± 0.05^d	6.30 ± 0.05^e	7.70 ± 0.01^d	8.70 ± 0.02^c	11.00 ± 0.02^b	11.5–16.1
WBC (× 10³mm⁻³)	4.03 ± 0.03^b	5.03 ± 0.04^a	4.00 ± 0.03^b	4.00 ± 0.03^b	3.00 ± 0.03^c	5.00 ± 0.03^a	5.00 ± 0.03^a	6.6–12.6
RBC (× 10³mm⁻³)	2.00 ± 0.01^f	4.00 ± 0.07^a	2.35 ± 0.20^d	2.15 ± 0.14^e	2.55 ± 0.15^d	2.90 ± 0.10^c	3.70 ± 0.10^b	6.76–9.75
MCHC (g/dL)	33.30 ± 0.02^c	33.60 ± 0.09^a	33.30 ± 0.05^c	33.10 ± 0.08^d	33.40 ± 0.06^b	33.40 ± 0.07^b	33.30 ± 0.09^c	28.2–34.1
MCH (pg)	30.00 ± 0.05^c	30.20 ± 0.10^b	33.30 ± 0.08^a	29.30 ± 0.17^d	30.20 ± 0.11^b	30.00 ± 0.08^c	33.30 ± 0.10^a	16.0–33.1
MCV (fl)	70.00 ± 0.04^a	70.00 ± 0.38^a	69.30 ± 0.17^b	68.30 ± 0.31^c	70.10 ± 0.10^a	69.60 ± 0.17^b	69.10 ± 0.14^b	50.0–77.8
Neutrophils (%)	36.00 ± 0.03^e	21.00 ± 0.54^g	50.00 ± 0.57^a	39.00 ± 0.14^d	41.00 ± 0.33^c	42.00 ± 0.33^b	30.00 ± 0.00^f	5.3–38.1
Lymphocytes (%)	58.00 ± 0.04^c	76.00 ± 0.19^a	44.00 ± 0.05^f	57.00 ± 0.13^d	53.00 ± 0.57^e	53.00 ± 0.03^e	67.00 ± 1.15^b	56.7–93.1
Monocytes (%)	3.00 ± 0.00^b	3.00 ± 0.00^b	3.00 ± 0.00^b	0.00 ± 0.00^d	2.00 ± 0.00^c	5.00 ± 0.00^a	3.00 ± 1.00^b	0.00–7.7
Eosinophils (%)	3.00 ± 0.00^b	0.00 ± 0.00^c	3.00 ± 0.00^b	4.00 ± 0.00^a	3.00 ± 0.00^b	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.0–3.4
Basophils (%)	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.0–0.4
Albumin (mg/dl)	1.00 ± 0.03^g	3.00 ± 0.04^f	5.31 ± 0.93^d	6.95 ± 0.85^c	8.53 ± 0.77^b	11.24 ± 0.35^a	5.14 ± 0.05^e	3.80–5.00
Globulin (mg/dl)	3.03. ± 0.02^g	12.10 ± 0.05^d	7.78 ± 0.62^f	10.16 ± 0.82^e	12.48 ± 0.98^c	16.44 ± 0.62^b	26.34 ± 0.74^a	-
Total Protein (mg/dl)	4.03 ± 0.03^g	15.10 ± 0.09^e	13.10 ± 0.92^f	17.11 ± 0.27^d	21.02 ± 0.72^c	27.68 ± 0.07^b	31.48 ± 0.24^a	6.00–8.00
Kidney function indices
Urea (mg/dl)	1.00 ± 0.03^d	2.90 ± 0.10^a	2.91 ± 0.62^a	0.81 ± 0.61^e	1.75 ± 0.17^b	1.63 ± 0.53^c	2.91 ± 0.62^a	7.00–20.00
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.90 ± 0.04^a	0.40 ± 0.08^e	0.65 ± 0.05^c	0.79 ± 0.06^b	0.67 ± 0.04^c	0.51 ± 0.07^d	0.59 ± 0.06^d	0.20–0.80
Liver function indices
AST (U/L)	96.00 ± 0.03^a	21.00 ± 0.54^f	23.04 ± 0.48^e	58.69 ± 0.65^d	66.52 ± 0.74^c	79.82 ± 0.61^b	79.56 ± 0.22^b	45.70–80.80
ALT (U/L)	18.00 ± 0.04^c	22.00 ± 0.19^b	11.78 ± 0.14^d	22.03 ± 0.14^b	21.78 ± 0.71^b	29.46 ± 0.82^a	29.46 ± 0.29^a	17.50–30.20
ALP (U/L)	73.00 ± 0.00^f	83.00 ± 0.00^e	83.64 ± 0.23^e	87.40 ± 0.09^d	90.76 ± 0.43^c	110.96 ± 0.23^b	116.36 ± 0.34^a	56.80–128.00

Means with different alphabetical superscripts in the same row are significantly different at P < 0.05
Key: Basal (animal chow); Goldenmorn (commercial control breakfast meal); MFMWM90: Malted finger millet:Watermelon seeds (90.00:10.00%); MFMWM86: Malted finger millet:Watermelon seeds (86.25:13.75%); MFMWM82: Malted finger millet:Watermelon seeds (82.50:17.50%); MFMWM78: Malted finger millet:Watermelon seeds (78.75:21.25%) and MFMWM75: Malted finger millet:Watermelon seeds (75.00:25.00%)
*NR: Giannini et al. (1999) and Diana (2007)

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