Table 1 Chemistry of GC–MS detected antioxidant molecules
Compounds with antioxidant activity (references included in brackets) | Molecular | Retention time | Area % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Formula | Weight (g/mol) | |||
4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- (Hameed et al. 2015) | C6H8O4 | 144.12 | 7.391 | 1.52 |
1,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (Baratto et al. 2003; Hung et al. 2006; Matsushige et al. 1996) | C7H12O6 | 192.17 | 14.021 | 10.80 |
3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (or Phytol*) (Bharathy et al. 2012; Costa et al. 2016; Islam et al. 2015; Pejin et al. 2015; Rani et al. 2012; Santos et al. 2013) | C20H40O | 296.5 | 16.252 | 0.37 |
18.710* | 18.87* | |||
Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (Wei et al. 2011) | C17H34O2 | 270.5 | 16.908 | 9.47 |
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (Oloyede 2012) | C19H34O2 | 294.5 | 18.544 | 3.54 |
Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester (Tyagi and Agarwal 2017) | C19H38O4 | 330.5 | 18.604 | 15.67 |
Dioctyl phthalate (Gunalan et al. 2014) | C24H38O4 | 390.6 | 23.082 | 0.43 |
Squalene (Huang et al. 2009; Kim and Karadeniz 2012; Rautela et al. 2017) | C30H50 | 410.7 | 26.041 | 1.24 |
Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.,24r)- (Deora and Bano 2019; Rautela et al. 2017) | C28H48O | 400.7 | 32.350 | 0.82 |
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)-or sitosterol,.beta. (Gupta et al. 2011) | C29H50O | 414.7 | 34.360 | 12.96 |
Stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol, (3.beta.)-or Fucosterol (Abdul et al. 2016) | C29H48O | 412.7 | 34.762 | 1.27 |
Neryl linalool isomer (Kamatou and Viljoen 2008) | C10H18O | 154.25 | 27.247 | 0.41 |
D:A-Friedooleanan-7alpha-ol (Zaidan et al. 2018) | C30H52O | 428.7 | 40.862 | 1.42 |